Potential NICU Environmental Influences on the Neonate's Microbiome

Hartz, Lacey E.; Bradshaw, Wanda T.; Brandon, Debra

doi:10.1097/anc.0000000000000220

Cited by 88 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Collectively, the literature demonstrates that early experiences shape infant gut microbial colonization, literature that is best described in human neonates. This colonization appears to be influenced by the mode of birth (Frese & Mills, ; Rautava, ), gestational age at birth (Chernikova et al, ), time spent in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; Chernikova et al, ; Hartz, Bradshaw & Brandon, ), bacterial transmission by various maternal body sites (Ferretti et al, ), infant feeding practices (Allen‐Blevins, Sela, & Hinde, ; Bode, ; Cong et al, ; Sela, ), and social environments, including early caregiving settings (Clayton et al, ; Thompson, Monteagudo‐Mera, Cadenas, Lampl & Azcarate‐Peril, ). Moreover, gut microbial composition and diversity in infancy have long‐term impacts on infant health and behavior (Allen‐Blevins et al, ; Carlson et al, ; Kostic et al, ; Martin & Sela, ; Tamburini, Shen, Wu & Clemente, ; Thomas et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A descriptive analysis of gut microbiota composition in differentially reared infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life

Dettmer

Allen

Jaggers

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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The gastrointestinal microbiome is recognized as a critical component in host immune function, physiology, and behavior. Early life experiences that alter diet and social contact also influence these outcomes. Despite the growing number of studies in this area, no studies to date have examined the contribution of early life experiences on the gut microbiome in infants across development. Such studies are important for understanding the biological and environmental factors that contribute to optimal gut microbial colonization and subsequent health. We studied infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life that were pseudo-randomly assigned to one of two different rearing conditions at birth: mother-peer-reared (MPR), in which infants were reared in social groups with many other adults and peers and nursed on their mothers, or nurseryreared (NR), in which infants were reared by human caregivers, fed formula, and given daily social contact with peers. We analyzed the microbiome from rectal swabs (total N = 97; MPR = 43, NR = 54) taken on the day of birth and at postnatal Days 14, 30, 90, and 180 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial composition differences were evident as early as 14 days, with MPR infants exhibiting a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and a higher abundance of Bacteroides than NR infants. The most marked differences were observed at 90 days, when Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Prevotella differed across rearing groups. By Day 180, no differences in the relative abundances of the bacteria of interest were observed. These novel findings in developing primate neonates indicate that the early social environment as well as diet influence gut microbiota composition very early in life. These results also lay the groundwork for mechanistic studies examining the effects of early experiences on gut microbiota across development with the ultimate goal of understanding the clinical significance of developmental changes.Am J Primatol. 2019;81:e22969.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ajp

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A descriptive analysis of gut microbiota composition in differentially reared infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life

Dettmer

Allen

Jaggers

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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“…Adjustment to extrauterine life requires various physiologic changes including: transepidermal water loss, skin pH changes, and stratum corneum hydration and growth (Garcia Bartels et al, 2010). Early, diverse microbial skin colonization is important to strengthen the skin acid mantel barrier, develop the infant’s immune system (Hartz, Bradshaw, & Brandon, 2015), and promote long term infant health.…”

Section: Newborn Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Postpartum Maternal and Newborn Microbiomes

Mutic

Jordan

Edwards

et al. 2017

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

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Biological and environmental changes to maternal and newborn microbiomes in the postnatal period can affect health outcomes for the mother-baby dyad. Postpartum sleep deprivation and unmet dietary needs can alter commensal bacteria within the body and disrupt gut-brain communication. Perineal injury and breast infections also change microbial community composition, potentiating an environment favoring pathogen growth. The gut microbiome refers to the collection of microorganisms working in a harmony. Disruptions within the gut microbiome and gut-brain communication may lead to postpartum depression, a potentially devastating sequela. Postnatal newborn changes to the gut and skin microbiome materialize quickly after delivery and are profoundly influenced by delivery mode, feeding method, and bathing and skin care practices. During the newborn period, infant microbiomes are highly vulnerable and susceptible to multiple influences. Maternal-newborn nurses have a valuable role in helping mothers and newborns promote healthy microbiomes. This paper will review factors that influence the rapidly changing postnatal microbiome of the mother and her newborn and identify the role nurses have to positively influence immediate and long-term health outcomes.

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“…Maternal breast milk has many compounds that provide the infant with nutrition and aids in establishing an advantageous microbiome (Hartz et al, 2015; Unger, Stintzi, Shah, Mack, & O’Connor, 2015). In cases where mother’s own milk may not be available, donor milk or formula may be used.…”

Section: Neonatal Microbiome Development In the Nicumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial colonization of the neonate can be affected by numerous factors including the maternal microbiome, mode of infant birth, and various care choices implemented in the NICU (Hartz, Bradshaw, & Brandon, 2015). An imbalance of microbes at any one body site, commonly referred to as dysbiosis (Proctor, Thiennimitr, Chattipakorn, & Chattipakorn, 2017), has been linked to short- and long-term health outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neonatal Microbiome

Rodriguez

Jordan

Mutic

et al. 2017

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

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Nursing care of the neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is complex, due in large part to various physiological challenges. A newer and less well-known physiological consideration is the neonatal microbiome, the community of microorganisms, both helpful and harmful, that inhabit the human body. The neonatal microbiome is influenced by the maternal microbiome, mode of infant birth, and various aspects of NICU care such as feeding choice and use of antibiotics. The composition and diversity of the microbiome is thought to influence key health outcomes including development of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, altered physical growth, and poor neurodevelopment. Nurses in the NICU play a key role in managing care that can positively influence the microbiome to promote more optimal health outcomes in this vulnerable population of newborns.

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Potential NICU Environmental Influences on the Neonate's Microbiome

Cited by 88 publications

References 47 publications

A descriptive analysis of gut microbiota composition in differentially reared infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life

A descriptive analysis of gut microbiota composition in differentially reared infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across the first 6 months of life

The Postpartum Maternal and Newborn Microbiomes

The Neonatal Microbiome

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