Potential molecular mechanisms for fruiting body formation of Cordyceps illustrated in the case ofCordyceps sinensis

Abstract

The fruiting body formation mechanisms of Cordyceps sinensis are still unclear. To explore the mechanisms, proteins potentially related to the fruiting body formation, proteins from fruiting bodies, and mycelia of Cordyceps species were assessed by using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, and the differential expression proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem time of flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that 198 differential expression proteins (252 protein spots) were identified during the fruiting body formation of Cordyceps species, and 24 of them involved in fruiting body development in both C. sinensis and other microorganisms. Especially, enolase and malate dehydrogenase were first found to play an important role in fruiting body development in macro-fungus. The results implied that cAMP signal pathway involved in fruiting body development of C. sinensis, meanwhile glycometabolism, protein metabolism, energy metabolism, and cell reconstruction were more active during fruiting body development. It has become evident that fruiting body formation of C. sinensis is a highly complex differentiation process and requires precise integration of a number of fundamental biological processes. Although the fruiting body formation mechanisms for all these activities remain to be further elucidated, the possible mechanism provides insights into the culture of C. sinensis.

Unraveling the Secrets of a Double-Life Fungus by Genomics: Ophiocordyceps australis CCMB661 Displays Molecular Machinery for Both Parasitic and Endophytic Lifestyles

“…Additionally, some HSPs are important in growth-related processes, including cell division and DNA synthesis. In Cordyceps sinensis , Hsp 70 and Hsp 90 are generally in high expression in the ascoma, so they may be related to their formation and development [ 10 , 80 , 81 ]. According to Prodromou [ 82 ], Hsp 90 implies several biological processes dependent on ATP.…”

iTRAQ-based comparative proteome analyses of different growth stages revealing the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species in the fruiting body development of Ophiocordyceps sinensis

“…In cluster 2, with 6 DAPs, had a sudden increase in expression upon transition from ST to PR and then a sudden decrease in expression upon shifting from PR to MF phase, indicating that they may play a major role in the fruiting body initiation, such as histidine phosphotransferase (HPt, T5A92Z), one cytochrome P450 protein (T5A735) and Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MPD, T5AIP9) ( Table 2). For examples, MPD, a main enzyme for mannitol biosynthesis, was found to be abundance in the fruiting body of O. sinensis, compared to that in mycelia (Feng et al, 2017). As a result, it may increase the content of mannitol in O. sinensis, which was found to be related to fruiting body initiation and development of A. bisporus (Kulkarni, 1990).…”

Optimization of a solid culture medium based on Monochamus alternatus for Cordyceps militaris fruiting body formation

“…Cordyceps is a large genus of entomogenous fungi found all over the world (Feng et al 2017). There are more than 700 species of entomopathogenic fungi, of which approximately 300 species have been reported to produce a fruiting body, namely, the Cordyceps mushroom (Hong et al 2010).…”

“…Wang et al (2019) studied the conditions, including solid-state fermentation, that cause infection and C. militaris fruiting body formation in silkworms. Feng et al (2017) described the artificial in vivo mass production of C. militaris in silkworm pupae as a living host insect. Park et al (2019) reported that, in general, fruiting bodies are formed on the larval integuments of vegetable wasps and plant worms with Cordyceps.…”