Potential merits and flaws of large language models in epilepsy care: A critical review

Abstract

The current pace of development and applications of large language models (LLMs) is unprecedented and will impact future medical care significantly. In this critical review, we provide the background to better understand these novel artificial intelligence (AI) models and how LLMs can be of future use in the daily care of people with epilepsy. Considering the importance of clinical history taking in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy—combined with the established use of electronic health records—a great potential exists to integrate LLMs in epilepsy care. We present the current available LLM studies in epilepsy. Furthermore, we highlight and compare the most commonly used LLMs and elaborate on how these models can be applied in epilepsy. We further discuss important drawbacks and risks of LLMs, and we provide recommendations for overcoming these limitations.

Challenges and Prospects in Epilepsy Monitoring Units: A Comprehensive Review of Logistic Barriers

“…The proliferation of AI applications has become widespread, permeating various domains and sectors. Regarding epilepsy, numerous studies that examined the specificity and sensitivity of seizure detection using AI-designed algorithms have been reported and were comprehensively reviewed [12,13]. Similar applications are to be appreciated, for instance, in predicting safety risks in EMUs.…”

“…However, the conventional EEG approach in EMUs has its obstacles; several studies have undertaken the exploration of challenges relevant to EMUs within the existing literature. Some have discussed technical challenges related to EEG itself [9], challenges related to infants' behaviors and neonatal EEG monitoring difficulties [10,11], or challenges related to artificial intelligence (AI) applications in EMUs [12,13]; their related findings are beyond the scope of the current study. The present article will concentrate on the logistic challenges of EMUs, discussing existing data and limitations and offering suggestions for future planning to enhance the utilization of existing technology.…”