Potential medicinal plants for CNS disorders: an overview

Kumar, Vikas

doi:10.1002/ptr.1970

Cited by 209 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…Lipid extracts of kava produce higher pharmacological activities than aqueous kava extracts (16,25). Synergistic effect between kavalactones and other amino butyric acid-active sedatives was observed (26).…”

Section: Biological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When kavalactones were tested individually, they did not exhibit biological activity similar to that found in the whole kava extract. On the other hand, the recombined kavalactones exhibited biological activity found with the entire kava extract (5,13,24).Lipid extracts of kava produce higher pharmacological activities than aqueous kava extracts (16,25). Synergistic effect between kavalactones and other amino butyric acid-active sedatives was observed (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Kava Kava

Xia

Guo

et al. 2008

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C

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Kava is a traditional beverage of various Pacific Basin countries. Kava has been introduced into the mainstream U.S. market principally as an anti-anxiety preparation. The effects of the long-term consumption of kava have not been documented adequately. Preliminary studies suggest possible serious organ system effects. The potential carcinogenicity of kava and its principal constituents are unknown. As such, kava extract was nominated for the chronic tumorigenicity bioassay conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). At present toxicological evaluation of kava extract is being conducted by the NTP. The present review focuses on the recent findings on kava toxicity and the mechanisms by which kava induces hepatotoxicity. KeywordsKava; anti-anxiety herbal beverage; top-selling botanical; hepatotoxicity; metabolism; mechanism Kava, prepared from the rhizome of the kava tropical shrub plant, Piper methysticum Forst F., is a traditional beverage used for many centuries, especially at ceremonial activities in the South Pacific (1-6). During recent years, kava has been used in Europe for treatment of anxiety and nervous disorders such as stress and restlessness, and in the United States as a natural alternative to anti-anxiety drugs and sleeping pills (6). Kava sales totaled more than $ 100 million in 1998, being the fifth leading seller of the North American botanicals (7).The association between the use of kava products and hepatotoxicity has prompted many countries, including Germany, Switzerland, France, Canada, and the United Kingdom, to take regulatory actions, ranging from warning consumers to removing kava-containing products from the marketplace. On March 25, 2002, the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Consumer Advisory entitled "Kava-containing dietary supplements may be associated with severe liver injury" to the public (8, 9). Kava-containing products remain popular in the United States and continue to be sold in health food stores and ethnic markets regardless of the fact that it Address correspondence to Peter P. Fu, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. peter.fu@fda.hhs.gov; chanp@niehs.nih.gov. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript was banned in Germany, France, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada (10). In this review, human exposure and metabolism of kava are briefly addressed, recent findings on the toxicity of kava are reported, and possible mechanisms by which kava induces toxicity are described. CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONThe kava plant, belonging to the Piperacae family, is widely cultivated in the South Pacific.Kava is cultivated for its rootstock. Depending upon the amount of kavalactones contained in the resin, the rootstock shows different color, varying from white to dark yellow (2,5,6). Fresh kava rootstock contains about 80% water. Dried rootstock consists of about 43% starch, 20% fibers, 12% water, 3-4% proteins, 3% sugars, 3% minerals, ...

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Section: Biological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Kava Kava

Xia

Guo

et al. 2008

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C

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“…and H. patulum Thunb., are reported to have effects on the CNS in animal models (Mukherjee et al 2001). Kumar (2006) provided a very specific review of medicinal plants for CNS disorders and focused on a set of plant species considered to the most important: Ginkgo biloba L., Hypericum perfoliatum L., Piper methysticum G. Forst., Valeriana officinalis L., Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., and Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy.…”

Section: Phytochemistry Of Ethnomedicinal Plants: Implications In DIVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal Plants of India with Special Reference to an Indo-Burma Hotspot Region: An overview

Kumar

Lalramnghinglova

2011

Ethnobot. Res. App.

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“…These plants which are used in both herbal and conventional medicine offer benefits that pharmaceutical drugs lack and thus provide a safe alternative 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural studies on the ethanol leaf extract of Grewia carpinifolia in Wistar rats

Adebiyi

Olopade

et al. 2016

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Grewia carpinifolia is a plant commonly used in the tropics to manage various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, despite its widespread use no scientific work has been reported to validate these claims. Objectives: To evaluate the activity of G. carpinifolia as it affects behaviour using animal model. Methods: Twenty five adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (A-E). Group A served as control (given only distilled water), Groups B,C, D and E were administered with single oral dose of ethanol extract of G. carpinifolia leaf at 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively for twenty eight days consecutively. Subsequently, open field test, negative geotaxis and hanging wire test were performed. Body and brain weights were measured and histological examination of the brain was also performed. Results: At the tested doses, the extract significantly increased the time spent on the hanging wire and decreased locomotor activity at 800 mg/kg. No significant difference was observed in body and brain weights of extract treated groups when compared with the control. No visible histological lesion was also observed. Conclusion:The plant extract may improve muscular strength at tested doses and possess CNS depressant activity at 800 mg/ kg.

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Potential medicinal plants for CNS disorders: an overview

Cited by 209 publications

References 177 publications

Toxicity of Kava Kava

Toxicity of Kava Kava

Ethnomedicinal Plants of India with Special Reference to an Indo-Burma Hotspot Region: An overview

Behavioural studies on the ethanol leaf extract of Grewia carpinifolia in Wistar rats

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