Potential Measurements of Reactive Metal Chlorides in Alkali Halide Solutions: I . Silver, Cobalt, Nickel, Iron, and Copper

Abstract

The thermodynamic behavior of CoC12, NiC12, FeC12, CuC1, FeC13, and CuC12 was investigated in NaC1, KC1, CsC1, or the equimolar mixtures of these salts between 700~176 using galvanic or redox cells with a silver-silver chloride reference electrode. The results indicate solutions which are reactive and nonideal. ExperimentalThe metal chlorides and CsC1 were anhydrous and they were received in sealed ampuls packed under argon gas.

Potential measurements of thorium tetrachloride in alkali halide solutions

“…However, if it is desired to tabulate the emf values in the format of a series against common reference electrode, such as chlorine or silver chloride electrodes, it will be necessary to conform to IUPAC (17) sign convention and assign negative values to the more reactive electrode systems. The uncertainties in the formal potentials listed in Table 2 previous publication (1). A comparison of the magnitude of the formal potentials indicates the pronounced effect of CsCl in creating thermodynamically stable solutions.…”

“…The preparation and purification of the materials used in this investigation have been described previously (1). ThC14 salts were obtained from Cerac in anhydrous condition in sealed ampoules packed under argon gas.…”

“…The design of the electrochemical cell employed in the present investigation for the dilute solutions has been described in detail elsewhere (1). Briefly, the cell consisted of a thorium metal electrode dipping into a ThC1, -alkali chloride solution and a Ag-AgC1 secondary reference electrode.…”

Thermodynamic properties of the NiCl2–CoCl2–KCl system

“…In previous publications from the authors, the thermodynamic properties of charge asymmetric molten salt solutions of metal chlorides with alkali halide solvents have been investigated by EMF measurements (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The measurements provide valuable and practical information on: the feasibility of new pro-high-temperature batteries and energy storage devices.…”

“…The concept of complex formation in molten salts has been described in detail elsewhere (1,6). Briefly, a molten salt complex like (MCI,,,)' is a local configuration where a cation M" is surrounded by ( z + r)C1-anions.…”