Potential Influence of Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium on L-Thyroxine Substitution in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism

Abstract

Besides genetic factors, it is known that some trace elements, as Selenium, Copper, and Zinc are essential for thyroid gland fuction and thyroid hormone metabolism. Moreover, there were some metals effect that suggested patterns associated with overt thyroid disease. Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), chronic autoimune inflamation of thyroid gland with cosequtive hipothyroidism, is common disease in Serbia, and we thought it is worthwile to explore potential effects of essential and toxic metals and metalloides on thyroid function and ability to restore euthyroid status of them. This cross-sectional, case-control, study investigated the status of essential elements (Selenium,Copper,and Zinc) and toxic metals and metalloides (Al, Cr, Mn, Co, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Be, Pb and Ni) from the blood of 22 female, patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and overt hypothyroidism, and compared it with those of 55 female healthy persons. We tried to establish the presence of any correlation between previous mentioned elements and thyroid function in hypothyroid patients and healthy participants. The results of our study suggested that the blood concentration of essential trace elements, especially the ratio of Copper, and Selenium may influence directly thyroid function in patients with HT and overt hypothyroidism.Thus, our findings may have implication to life-long substitution therapy in terms of l-thyroxine dose reduction. Furthermore, for the first time, our study shown potential toxic effect of Cadmium on thyroid function in HT patients, which may implicate the dose of l-thyroxine substitution.

Serum Trace Elements Profile in Graves’ Disease Patients with or without Orbitopathy in Northeast China

“…Erdal et al [ 37 ] found no difference between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and normal controls. But a recent study conducted by Rasic-Milutinovic et al [ 38 ] detected the higher blood Cu concentration in HT patients compared with normal controls. In the present study, we found higher Cu levels may be related with thyroid autoimmunity according to multivariable ordinal logistic regression.…”

“…In the present study, we found higher Cu levels may be related with thyroid autoimmunity according to multivariable ordinal logistic regression. It was reported that the destruction of serum Cu homeostasis may contribute to the oxidative stress state in HT patients [ 38 ]. In addition, it has been detected that the activation of Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) could contribute to the pathogenesis of AITD.…”

Determination of toxic and essential trace elements in serum of healthy and hypothyroid respondents by ICP-MS: A chemometric approach for discrimination of hypothyroidism

“…Hashimoto thyroiditis (chronic inflammation of thyroid gland) is the most common autoimmune disease and cause of hipothyroidism (Hy). Trace elements, such as selenium, copper and zinc are essential for normal thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism [13], and the changes in metal concentrations in body fluids might be associated with different thyroid dysfunction. The most studied trace elements in hypothyroidism were copper, selenium and zinc [14,15], but there was a lack of information about concentrations of other trace elements, particularly toxic metals and metalloids.…”

Status mineral dan hormon tiroid pada penderita hipotiroidisme

“…Beberapa mineral lain yang berhubungan dengan fungsi tiroid antara lain I, Cu, dan Fe. 11,22 Zn diperlukan dalam membentuk hormon tiroid dan mengubah T 4 menjadi T 3 . Se penting untuk mengubah T 4 menjadi T 3 sehingga Se sering diberikan untuk suplemen pada pasien dengan gangguan tiroid.…”

“…8 Ada beberapa faktor pengganggu metabolisme hormon tiroid antara lain defisiensi selenium (Se), besi (Fe), tembaga (Cu), dan zink (Zn), yang jika bersamaan dengan defisiensi iodin, berubah manifestasi klinisnya. 10,11 Defisiensi selenium menurunkan aktivitas enzim glutation peroksidase. Gabungan defisiensi iodin dan turunnya sintesis hormon karena defisiensi selenium menyebabkan timbunan hidrogen peroksida yang mengakibatkan kerusakan sel dan kemudian menyebabkan gangguan tiroid.…”