Potential impacts of COVID-19 on reproductive health: Scientific findings and social dimension

Hashem, Nesrein M.; Abdelnour, Sameh A.; Alhimaidi, Ahmad R.; Swelum, Ayman A.

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.012

Cited by 22 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…It has been seen that TMPRSS2, a transmembrane serine protease 2 cleaves viral S-glycoprotein, and its expression is higher in males than in females. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TMPRSS2 gene play a pivotal role in general population (rs2070788, rs7364083, rs99745890) and gender-related perspective (rs8134378) [55]. This has got a direct relation to the secretion of sex hormones, as estrogen (E2) has been seen to be affected by TMPRSS2 expression, and estrogen in turn, regulates ACE2 expression.…”

Section: Impact Of Ethnicity Gender and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Ghosh¹,

Sarkar

Sepay³

et al. 2021

SciMed. J.

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Coronaviruses have been posing a serious threat to mammals and birds and a new class of SARS-CoV is creating havoc to the world after its first incidence in Wuhan City in China in December 2019. These viruses are mainly responsible for causing serious respiratory tract infections which generally appear initially as the common cold and can be lethal just like SARS-CoV. The problems seem to vary and worsen from one person to another depending on age, gender, ethnicity, blood groups, host genetics, and associated comorbidities. Complications should also arise as this virus keeps mutating and evolving. This review points out the various underlying causes behind the severity of the illness and the mechanisms associated with it. This review will help society to understand the risks and severities associated with COVID-19. Individuals with health complexities and predispositions listed in this review are the most vulnerable in terms of severity and should take every possible measure to protect themselves from getting infected. As a consequence, this will lead to a decrease in mortality rates arising from COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-9 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Impact Of Ethnicity Gender and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Ghosh¹,

Sarkar

Sepay³

et al. 2021

SciMed. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This has included recommendation for gonadal function assessment and semen analysis in males of reproductive age who have recovered from COVID-19 [ 56 ]. There is a further concern that SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted sexually, or via ART [ 22 , 23 , 25 ], which requires the presence of the virus in seminal or vaginal fluids for such a mode of transmission [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous review articles have postulated the potential of SARS-CoV-2 to infect male reproductive tissues due to the presence of ACE2 receptors. This has led to the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 may gain access to the reproductive tract, may be sexually transmitted, and that COVID-19 may directly or indirectly impair reproductive function and/or disrupt the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract and fertility: A systematic review

Sengupta

Leisegang

Agarwal

2021

Arab Journal of Urology

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Objective The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains an ongoing public health challenge. Although males are affected slightly more than females, the impact of SARS-COV-2 on male reproductive system remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide a concise update on the effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive health, including the presence of viral RNA in semen, and the impact on semen quality, testicular histology, testicular pain and male reproductive hormones. The global health is fronting an immediate as well as impending threat from the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that inflicts more males than females. Evidence suggest that male reproductive system is susceptible to this viral infection. However, there are still several pertinent queries that remain to be fully explained regarding the mechanism in testicular SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and the exact mode of its actions. Thus, the present systematic review aims to provide a concise update on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on male reproduction.. Methods A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines searching the PubMed database. Eligibility for inclusion were original human studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health. Specific outcomes required for inclusion were at least one of the following: i) seminal detection of mRNA virus, or evaluation of ii) semen analysis, iii) testicular histology or ultrasonography, iv) testicular clinical symptoms and/or v) male reproductive hormones in COVID-19-positive patients. Results Of 553 retrieved articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. This included studies primarily investigating the presence of viral RNA in semen ( n = 12), semen quality ( n = 2), testicular histology ( n = 5), testicular pain ( n = 2) and male reproductive hormones ( n = 4). Results show little evidence for the presence of viral RNA in semen, although COVID-19 seems to affect seminal parameters, induce orchitis, and cause hypogonadism. Mortality cases suggest severe histological disruption of testicular architecture, probably due to a systemic and local reproductive tract inflammatory response and oxidative stress-induced damage. Conclusions Clinical evaluation of the male reproductive tract, seminal parameters and reproductive hormones is recommended in patients with current or a history of COVID-19, particularly in males undergoing fertility treatment. Any long-term negative impact on male reproduction remains unexplored and an important future consideration.

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“…In cases that recovered from COVID-19, the endothelial disorder may cause erectile dysfunction as a pathophysiological condition [74,75]. Importantly, couples should be avoided the fear of virus transmission during the sexual process because this fear can decrease the sexual desire and quality of sex activity [76]. Moreover, these severe conditions can increase abortion, menstrual disorders, and psychological problems (depression, poor mood, nervousness, or irritability) [77].…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 and Testicular Hemostasis: Perspective View

Ahmed¹

2022

Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19

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The infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its COVID disease caused several economic and social disturbances worldwide. This chapter aimed to determine the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the testicular hemostasis. This overview showed the possible mechanisms of how the SARS-CoV-2 can infect the testes. SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, cytokine storm, and immunosuppressive state may transfer from the respiratory tract to the blood circulation, binding to testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACSE2) and initiate its intracellular replication and action (cytotoxicity), that disrupting the testicular hemostasis. In severe states, COVID-19 disease can increase body/testes temperature, which may destroy the germ cell in the long term. The final mechanism is that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes stress, panic, and anxiety states, causing brain disorders that may perturb the hypothalamic–pituitary-testes-axis (HPTA). This disturbance may then lead to testicular dysfunction. The severity of COVID-19 may be age-dependent and depending on the expression and distribution of testicular ACSE2 receptors. Also, this chapter not only showed the sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 but also followed its impact on sexual behavior, pregnancy, and progeny. Thus, maintaining the testicular hemostasis may play a vital role in a healthy life for the offspring. Further research and clinical studies are required to explore this issue.

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Potential impacts of COVID-19 on reproductive health: Scientific findings and social dimension

Cited by 22 publications

References 108 publications

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract and fertility: A systematic review

Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 and Testicular Hemostasis: Perspective View

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