Potential impact of sea surface temperature on rainfall over the western Philippines

Dado, Julie Mae; Takahashi, Hiroshi G.

doi:10.1186/s40645-017-0137-6

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, we can expect the number of HPE85 days to be sensitive to changes in TC activity in the WNP region; particularly, the northward shift of TC tracks that is linked to the warming of Pacific waters is most affected. In addition, rainfall anomalies were previously shown to be sensitive to SST anomalies to the west of Luzon (Dado and Takahashi 2017). The warming of SST and deepening of the ocean's 26°C isotherm in the SCS (Sun et al 2017) since 2000 may have also contributed to the higher HPE rainfall amount.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancement of Summer Monsoon Rainfall by Tropical Cyclones in Northwestern Philippines

Bagtasa

2019

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The influence of tropical cyclones (TC) on the western North Pacific (WNP) summer monsoon flow-as well as the impact on rainfall in the Philippines during the months of June to September from 1958 to 2017-were investigated. High precipitation event (HPE) days with measured rainfall in the upper 85th, 95th, and 99th percentiles were determined using daily rainfall averages via data acquired from eight synoptic stations in northwestern Philippines. More than 90 % of HPE days coincide with TC occurrence in the WNP, whereas landfalling TCs only account for 12.8-15.1 % of HPE days. The present study looks at the non-landfalling TCs that are coincident with HPEs. The result shows that these non-landfalling TCs remotely play a key role that affects almost all local HPEs in northwestern Philippines. Analysis of the TC tracks and their influence on southwesterly summer monsoon flow in Southeast Asia during HPE days shows that most of the TCs move along a line segment connecting northern Luzon and Okinawa, Japan. The composite low-level flow of all HPE days is characterized by a zonally-oriented eastward trough at the 1005-1007 hPa isobar along 20°N that extends to at least 135°E longitude over the northern half of the Philippines; a deepening of the monsoon trough in northern South China Sea also occurs. The 1005-1007 hPa trough induces an eastward shift on the southwesterly flow causing a 1.94-4.69 times increase in mean zonal wind velocity and 2.67-6.92 times increase in water vapor flux (via moisture conveyor belt) along western Luzon. In addition, increasing trends of 6.0 % per decade in the mean annual number of HPE days per decade and 12.7 % per decade in the annual total HPE precipitation are found to be significant in the upper 85th percentile of daily rainfall. These increases are attributed to the recent changes in WNP TC tracks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancement of Summer Monsoon Rainfall by Tropical Cyclones in Northwestern Philippines

Bagtasa

2019

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…It is generally assumed that one of the most active chemical weathering scenarios globally occurs in the high Himalaya, as a result of the ongoing uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau and the heavy rains associated with the Indian-Asian monsoon, which is also linked with the North Pacific monsoon (e.g., Tada and Murray 2016;Clift 2017;Dado and Takahashi 2017). Gaillardet et al (1999) compiled dissolved major ion data in Himalayan Rivers and reported high chemical weathering rates for silicate in the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Ayeyarwady Rivers, and for carbonate in the Yangtze River.…”

Section: Long-term Neutralizing Process Against Enhanced Pcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Kawahata

Fujita

Iguchi

et al. 2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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The CO 2 concentration of air has increased over the last two centuries and recently surpassed 400 ppm. Carbon cycle models project CO 2 concentrations of 720 to 1000 ppm for the IPCC intermediate scenario (RCP 6.0), resulting in an increase in global mean temperature of~2.6°C and a decrease in seawater pH of~0.3. Together, global warming and ocean acidification are often referred to as the "evil twins" of climate change, potentially inducing severe threats in the near future. In this paper, our discussion is focused on the response of two major calcifiers, foraminifera and corals, which contribute much to the global carbonate burial rate. Photosymbiosis is regarded as an adaptive ecology for living in warm and oligotrophic oceans, especially for reef-building corals and larger reefdwelling benthic foraminifera. As a consequence of global warming, bleaching may be a global threat to algal symbiont-bearing marine calcifying organisms under conditions of high temperature and light intensity. If CO 2 is dissolved in seawater, the partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater (pCO 2) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increases while pH and the saturation state of carbonate minerals decreases without any change in total alkalinity. Generally, marine calcifying organisms show decreases in calcification rates in response to acidified seawater. However, the response often differs depending on situations, species, and life-cycle stage. Some benthic foraminifera showed a positive response to low pH conditions. The Acropora digitifera coral calcification of adult branches was not reduced markedly at higher pCO 2 conditions, although calcification tended to decrease versus pCO 2 in both aposymbiotic and symbiotic polyps. New analytical technologies help identify important constraints on calcification processes. Based upon Ca isotopes, the transport path of Ca 2+ and the degree of its activity would predominantly control the carbonate precipitation rate. Visualization of the extracellular pH distribution shows that proton pumping produces the high internal pH and large internal-external pH gap in association with foraminiferal calcification. From the perspective of a long-term change in the Earth's surface environment, foraminifera seem to be more adaptive and robust than corals in coping with ocean warming and acidification but it is necessary to further understand the mechanisms underlying variations in sensitivity to heat stress and acidified seawater for future prediction. Since CO 2 is more soluble in lower temperature seawater, ocean acidification is more critical in the polar and high-latitude

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“…Studies that have highlighted the role of synoptic-local scale interaction in amplifying the extreme events were made for Europe and beyond, too. Apart from the influence of the sea surface temperature (e.g., [27,28]), studies have also focused on the role of orography (including the Carpathian mountains) in the distribution and intensity of precipitation [29][30][31]. Such studies are important in identifying how atmospheric dynamical and thermodynamical processes interact with the particularities of the topography of each region and, as far as possible, in improving the forecast model output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Spring Severe Blizzard Events over Eastern Romania: A Conceptual Model of Development

Caian

Andrei

2019

Atmosphere

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In this paper, the mechanism and model-representation of a late-spring severe blizzard event on eastern Romania are studied. The mechanism relies on the coupled contribution of the tropospheric ageostrophic circulations associated to jet streaks. These circulations: (1) interact under local and regional forcing (sea surface temperature, topography and latent heat) and (2) feedback on enhancing an upper-level jet’s secondary streak, leading to a persistent, severe event. The enhanced secondary jet streak appears only for developing systems that lead to extreme impact, as shown by 40 years of knowledge of late-spring severe blizzards over the area. It is shown that actual regional high-resolution models are able to represent the occurrence and the mechanism of late-spring severe blizzard events, thus increasing the confidence on their ability to represent current and future climate extreme variability. Understanding the preconditioning of dynamic and thermodynamic processes indicated by this analysis could be useful in supporting the operational forecast analysis.

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Potential impact of sea surface temperature on rainfall over the western Philippines

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Enhancement of Summer Monsoon Rainfall by Tropical Cyclones in Northwestern Philippines

Enhancement of Summer Monsoon Rainfall by Tropical Cyclones in Northwestern Philippines

Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot house”

Late-Spring Severe Blizzard Events over Eastern Romania: A Conceptual Model of Development

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