Potential Impact of Food Safety Vaccines on Health Care Costs

GhunaimHaitham,; DesinTaseen, S

doi:10.1089/fpd.2014.1924

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The difficulty of manufacturing a vaccine is a major factor in the overall vaccine cost ( 16 ). The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have set a target of US $0.15 per human vaccine dose, while even lower costs may be needed for veterinary and food-safety vaccines ( 28 , 29 ). Mass production of an abundant, stable, and easy-to-conjugate VLNP scaffold could accelerate vaccine generation.…”

Section: The Difficulty Of Installing Complex Antigens On Vlnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intramolecular cyclization via “sandwiching” enzymes using Tag/Catcher can impart high resilience to heat inactivation and even allow purification of an enzyme via boiling ( 89 , 96 ). One could contemplate harnessing this resilience for purification and sterilization for cheap production of monomeric antigens ( 16 , 29 ).…”

Section: Adoption Of Catcher/tag Technology For Vaccine Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick, Click, and Glue

2018

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Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce potent B cell responses. Some non-chimeric VLP-based vaccines are highly successful licensed products (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen VLPs as a hepatitis B virus vaccine). Chimeric VLPs are designed to take advantage of the VLP framework by decorating the VLP with a different antigen. Despite decades of effort, there have been few licensed chimeric VLP vaccines. Classic approaches to create chimeric VLPs are either genetic fusion or chemical conjugation, using cross-linkers from lysine on the VLP to cysteine on the antigen. We describe the principles that make these classic approaches challenging, in particular for complex, full-length antigens bearing multiple post-translational modifications. We then review recent advances in conjugation approaches for protein-based non-enveloped VLPs or nanoparticles, to overcome such challenges. This includes the use of strong non-covalent assembly methods (stick), unnatural amino acids for bio-orthogonal chemistry (click), and spontaneous isopeptide bond formation by SpyTag/SpyCatcher (glue). Existing applications of these methods are outlined and we critically consider the key practical issues, with particular insight on Tag/Catcher plug-and-display decoration. Finally, we highlight the potential for modular particle decoration to accelerate vaccine generation and prepare for pandemic threats in human and veterinary realms.

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Section: The Difficulty Of Installing Complex Antigens On Vlnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adoption Of Catcher/tag Technology For Vaccine Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick, Click, and Glue

2018

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“…This information is vital for determining the source of these infections in order to develop intervention strategies aimed at reducing the levels of Salmonella species across the country (Gast, 2007). Hence, NTS human infections translate into a significant impact on both the healthcare system and the economy of a given country (Ghunaim and Desin, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium Harboring SPI-1 and SPI-2 Are the Predominant Serotypes Associated With Human Salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia

Alghoribi

Doumith

Alrodayyan

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) strains are Gram negative bacterial pathogens that are associated with foodborne illness worldwide. During the process of infection, Salmonella uses two molecular injectisomes known as Type 3 Secretion Systems (T3SS) to secrete virulence factors that are encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2 into host cells. These secretion systems play a major role in virulence, as shown in various animal models, but little is known about their role in human infections. In Saudi Arabia, NTS strains frequently cause human infections but data regarding these pathogenic strains is fairly limited. The aim of this study was to characterize Salmonella human clinical isolates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, by determining their serotype, testing for the presence of SPI-1 and SPI-2 genes and to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of these strains. Using the rapid Check and Trace Salmonella ™ (CTS) system our results demonstrate that S . Enteritidis and S . Typhimurium were the predominant serovars, followed by S . Livingstone, S . Kentucky and S . Poona among a list of 36 serovars reported for the first time in the country. In addition, SPI-1 genes were detected in 99% of the isolates, while the sifA gene (SPI-2) was not detected in 13.5% of the isolates. These results suggest that both the SPI-1 and SPI-2 virulence determinants are important for human infection. Moreover, we report the presence of a Multi-Drug (MDR) carbapenem resistant S . Kentucky isolate harboring the bla OXA−48 gene not reported previously in Saudi Arabia.

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“…9.2.3.3. SubAB toxins: Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is a common food‐borne pathogen that can cause serious diseases, including bloody diarrhea, and sometimes hemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC secretes a SubAB toxin that was found to preferentially bind Neu5Gc in vitro and ex vivo.…”

Section: Pathological Consequences Of Cmah Loss In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical, Cellular, Physiological, and Pathological Consequences of Human Loss of N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid

Okerblom

Varki

2017

ChemBioChem

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About 2–3 million years ago, Alu‐mediated deletion of a critical exon in the CMAH gene became fixed in the hominin lineage ancestral to humans, possibly through a stepwise process of selection by pathogen targeting of the CMAH product (the sialic acid Neu5Gc), followed by reproductive isolation through female anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies. Loss of CMAH has occurred independently in some other lineages, but is functionally intact in Old World primates, including our closest relatives, the chimpanzee. Although the biophysical and biochemical ramifications of losing tens of millions of Neu5Gc hydroxy groups at most cell surfaces remains poorly understood, we do know that there are multiscale effects functionally relevant to both sides of the host–pathogen interface. Hominin CMAH loss might also contribute to understanding human evolution, at the time when our ancestors were starting to use stone tools, increasing their consumption of meat, and possibly hunting. Comparisons with chimpanzees within ethical and practical limitations have revealed some consequences of human CMAH loss, but more has been learned by using a mouse model with a human‐like Cmah inactivation. For example, such mice can develop antibodies against Neu5Gc that could affect inflammatory processes like cancer progression in the face of Neu5Gc metabolic incorporation from red meats, display a hyper‐reactive immune system, a human‐like tendency for delayed wound healing, late‐onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, susceptibility to muscular dystrophy pathologies, and increased sensitivity to multiple human‐adapted pathogens involving sialic acids. Further studies in such mice could provide a model for other human‐specific processes and pathologies involving sialic acid biology that have yet to be explored.

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Potential Impact of Food Safety Vaccines on Health Care Costs

Cited by 8 publications

References 94 publications

New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick, Click, and Glue

New Routes and Opportunities for Modular Construction of Particulate Vaccines: Stick, Click, and Glue

S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium Harboring SPI-1 and SPI-2 Are the Predominant Serotypes Associated With Human Salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia

Biochemical, Cellular, Physiological, and Pathological Consequences of Human Loss of N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid

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