Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)

Carias, Cristina; Pawaskar, Manjiri; Nyaku, Mawuli; Conway, James H.; Roberts, C.S.; Finelli, Lyn; Chen, Ya-Ting

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.074

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Given the breadth of information reviewed, including over 1800 peer-reviewed and preprint articles, we did not conduct a formal population-intervention-control-outcome systematic review. Moreover, there were several areas not covered in this review, including vaccine-preventable diseases[161], non-communicable diseases[162, 163], specific health effects among migrant communities[164], violence[165], and mental health[166]. Preliminary data suggest effects across all these areas, including reports of increased domestic violence, decreases in childhood vaccinations, and increases in mortality and morbidity because of acute mental health stressors and substance use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing Health Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Response: A Scoping Review

Baral

Rao

Rwema

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundCOVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a global public health threat with infections recorded in nearly every country. Responses to COVID-19 have varied in intensity and breadth, but generally have included domestic and international travel limitations, closure of non-essential businesses, and repurposing of health services. While these interventions have focused on testing, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19, there have been reports of interruptions to diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for other public health threats. We conducted a scoping review to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.MethodsA scoping literature review was completed using searches of PubMed and preprint servers (medRxiv/bioRxiv) from January 1st to October 31st, 2020, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Empiric studies reporting original data collection and mathematical models were included, and available data synthesized by region. Studies were excluded if they were not written in English.ResultsA total of 1604 published papers and 205 preprints met inclusion criteria, including 8.2% (132/1604) of published studies and 10.2% (21/205) of preprints: 7.3% (68/931) on HIV, 7.1% (24/339) on tuberculosis, 11.6% (26/224) on malaria, 7.8% (13/166) on sexual and reproductive health, and 12.1% (16/132) on malnutrition. Thematic results were similar across competing health risks, with substantial indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition.DiscussionCOVID-19 emerged in the context of existing public health threats that result in millions of deaths every year. Thus, effectively responding to COVID-19 while minimizing the negative impacts of COVID-19 necessitates innovation and integration of existing programs that are often siloed across health systems. Inequities have been a consistent driver of existing health threats; COVID-19 has worsened disparities, reinforcing the need for programs that address structural risks. Data reviewed here suggest that effective strengthening of health systems should include investment in public health with adequate funding to ensure continuity of care for emergent and existing public health threats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing Health Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Response: A Scoping Review

Baral

Rao

Rwema

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In accordance, Buonsenso et al, [16] detected a 50-80% decrement in routine immunization in 2020 in comparison to 2019 (P < 0.005). Similarly, in the United States, a drop of 50% was documented in vaccination with MMR during the COVID-19 pandemic [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Adherence to Compulsory Vaccination during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Egypt

Mahfouz

Ali

Wakeel

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Nowadays, routine vaccination is taking the second rank after the emergence of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The fear of catching COVID-19 rendered a lot of caregivers reluctant to give their child the obligatory vaccines. AIM: The goal of our research was to assess awareness, commitment and adherence to compulsory immunization schedule during COVID-19 lockdown in Egypt. MATERIALS (SUBJECTS) AND METHODS: An electronic questionnaire (Google form) was designed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on adherence to compulsory vaccinations. Our target candidates were parents of infants in an age group from birth to 2 years old, that is, births from June 2018 to June 2020. RESULTS: In our study, 96.3% of children received Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine on time. About 32.8% did not receive the obligatory booster dose vaccines at 18 months. Among the infants of >1 year, 95.3% received the obligatory vaccination in time at 2, 4, and 6 months of age compared to only 73.3% of those ≤1 year (P = 0.001). About 23% of those who missed the vaccine preferred to postpone until outbreak ended while, 27.2% missed vaccination due to fear of catching COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the adherence to compulsory vaccines in Egypt. Therefore, it is mandatory to organize a plan to catch up the missed vaccines.

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“…Nucleic acid was extracted using the STARMag Universal Cartridge kit (Seegene) on the automated Nimbus IV platform. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was performed on CFX96 (Bio Rad Laboratories) with AllplexTM 2019 n-CoV Assay according to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità protocol ( 14 ), with the targets being the E gene, encoding the envelope protein of Sarbecovirus, RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) and N (nucleocapside) genes specific for CoV-2019.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This culminated in a national lock-down on the 11th of March 2020 (8,9) that resulted in a reduction of the incidence of the COVID19 pandemic (10). However, as already reported by some countries, measures implemented during the lockdown results in a substantial drop in the number of children completing their vaccination schedule, which could lead to possible further outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sars-Cov2 Not Detected in a Pediatric Population With Acute Respiratory Infection in Primary Care in Central and Southern Italy From November 2019 to Early March 2020

et al. 2021

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Background: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 started circulating in China and this led to a major epidemic in Northern Italy between February and May 2020. Young children (aged <5 years) seem to be less affected by this coronavirus disease (COVID-19) compared to adults, although there is very little information on the circulation of this new virus among children in Italy. We retrospectively tested nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected in young children between November, 2019 and March, 2020 in the context of the RSV ComNet study.Methods: Two networks of primary care pediatricians in Lazio (Central Italy) and Puglia (Southern Italy) collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children, aged <5 years, presenting with symptoms for an acute respiratory infection (ARI). The RSV ComNet study is a multicenter study implemented to estimate the burden of RSV in young children (aged <5 years) in the community. Swabs were sent to a central reference laboratory and tested for 14 respiratory viruses through RT-PCR. All collected samples were retrospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR (Istituto Superiore di Sanità protocol).Results: A total of 293 children with ARI were identified in the two participating networks. The highest number of cases were recruited in weeks 51/2019 and 3/2020. The majority of patients (57%) came from the Lazio region. All of the 293 samples tested negative for SARS-Cov2. Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected virus (44%), followed by RSV (41%) and influenza viruses (14%).Conclusions: Our study shows that in Lazio (a region of intermediate SARS-COV-2 incidence) and Puglia (a region of low incidence), the SARS-Cov2 virus did not circulate in a sample of ARI pediatric cases consulting primary care pediatricians between November 2019 and March 2020.

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Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Competing Health Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Response: A Scoping Review

Competing Health Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Response: A Scoping Review

Adherence to Compulsory Vaccination during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Egypt

Sars-Cov2 Not Detected in a Pediatric Population With Acute Respiratory Infection in Primary Care in Central and Southern Italy From November 2019 to Early March 2020

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