Potential health risks of toxic heavy metals and nitrate via commonly consumed bivalve and vegetable species in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Thǎńg, Nguyêñ Quôć; Khanh, Dang Nguyen Nha; Vy, Ngo Thi Tuong; Phuong, Tran Ha; Sy, Do Trung; Tham, L; Phượng, Nguyễn Thị Kim

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14808-3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The copper content of the leafy vegetable in this study was lower than the level of W.H.O. [11][12][13][14] Humans require zinc as an essential nutrient in their diet and for more information, see the Zinc Fact Sheet. Zinc is required to develop even functions and express genes in our bodies in addition to helping in the synthesis of different proteins and healing of wounds.…”

Section: Table 2 Concentration Of Metal In Different Leafy Vegetables...mentioning

confidence: 54%

Concentrations Of Heavy Metals In Leafy Vegetables Taken From A Local Market In Kundra, Koraput, Odisha, India

Sahu¹

2023

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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Plants are the major source of energy for humans. Leafy vegetables are rich sources of nutrients, fibers, minerals and trace elements which help in treatment of diseases and maintaining good health. However heavy metal contamination due to environmental pollution results in poisonous and hazardous effects. This study is based on the concentration of heavy metals in leafy vegetables in a village named Kundra located in district Koraput, 42 kilometers from Koraput of Odisha, India, which has a population of about 5326.About 130 samples were examined and studied from the local market of Kundra. These leafy vegetables commonly called Lal bhaji sago (Red Spinach), Muniga Sago (Drumstick Leaves) and Methi sago (Fenugeek leaves) were used for this study. The samples were cut air dried for four days. Next it was washed in 20% v/v solution of nitric acid, dried sample was then grounded into powder, it was sieved through nylon sieve of size 2mm. The digestion of the sample involves 20 ml of concentrated nitric acid, perchloric acid, and hydrochloric acid in the ratio of 10:1:3, followed by drying at 105 degree Celsius on a hot plate. The obtained solution was than filtered, the residue was than analyzed using digital spectrophotometer by continuous dilution method. The concentration of Iron, copper and zinc was determined, which constituted below permissible limit according to World Health Organization. Monitoring heavy metals in vegetables is essential; as these are considered to be a major indicator of environmental pollution.

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Section: Table 2 Concentration Of Metal In Different Leafy Vegetables...mentioning

confidence: 54%

Concentrations Of Heavy Metals In Leafy Vegetables Taken From A Local Market In Kundra, Koraput, Odisha, India

Sahu¹

2023

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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“…A previous study reported average levels of Cd in mussels (0.797 mg/kg) and clams (0.251 mg/kg), and average Pb level in clams (0.141 mg/kg) collected from coastal areas of Southeast China [ 33 ]. In a previous study in Vietnam, mussels and cockles collected from local markets were contaminated with high levels of Pb at 0.71 and 0.70 mg/kg, respectively [ 34 ]. High average Cd and Pb levels of 0.67 and 0.94 mg/kg, respectively, were reported in clams obtained from the East Java coast of Indonesia [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, from the worst-case scenario, Cd exposure due to cockle consumption in children exceeded the HBGV, which may pose adverse health effects. A previous study reported that exposure to Cd and Pb from bivalve consumption in Vietnamese people did not exceed the PTMI, indicating no health risks of concern [ 34 ]. A previous study reported average estimated daily intakes of Cd (11.01 μg/kg bw/month) and Pb (0.087 μg/kg bw/day) due to the consumption of six bivalve species collected from local markets in Southeast China, which were much higher than the average exposure to Cd and Pb due to the consumption of the three bivalve species in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals and Microplastic-like Particles from Consumption of Bivalves

Tanaviyutpakdee

Karnpanit

2023

Foods

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The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and microplastic (MP)-like particles in bivalves and estimate the exposure of the Thai population to these contaminants due to bivalve consumption. Clams, mussels and cockles were purchased from five wholesale seafood markets located on the upper Gulf of Thailand during the period 2017–2019. Determinations of Cd and Pb in the bivalves were conducted using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS). Visualization was conducted using a stereomicroscope to investigate the morphology and content of MP-like particles in the bivalve samples. The average Pb contents in clams, mussels and cockles were 112, 64 and 151 µg/kg wet wt., respectively. The average Cd contents were 126, 107 and 457 µg/kg wet wt. for clams, mussels and cockles, respectively. The average number of MP-like particles in bivalve samples varied from not detected to 1.2 items/g wet wt. and not detected to 4.3 items/individual. The exposure to Pb, Cd and MP-like particles due to bivalve consumption varied between 0.005 and 0.29 µg/kg bw/day, 0.017 and 28.9 µg/kg bw/month and 0.015 and 27.5 items/person/day, respectively. There was no potential health risk of exposure to Pb and Cd due to bivalve consumption in any age group. However, a high consumption of cockles with high Cd levels (the worst-case scenario) in children may be of concern.

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“…The estimated average daily intake, EDI (mg/kg body weight/day), represented an estimate of the daily exposure dose of pollutants/heavy metals that consumers might be exposed to through their diets. The EDI was calculated using the formula = C × CR × IR/BW [ 41 , 42 ], Where C is the concentration of heavy metal, CR is the conversion factor (To convert the concentration of sample from dry weight to fresh weight values, a conversion factor of 0.2 was used based on the moisture content of fresh leaf (80%); IR is the average daily consumption which was considered as 0.3 kg/person/day [ 43 ], 0.17 kg/person/day [ 44 ] and 0.1 kg/person/day [ 45 ]. BW is the average body weight of consumers, which was estimated as 27 kg for children aged 6–9yrs [ 46 ] and 70.3 kg for adults [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic nutrients and heavy metals in some wild edible plants consumed by rural communities in Northern Uganda: Implications for human health

Nyero,

Achaye,

Upoki Anywar

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Potential health risks of toxic heavy metals and nitrate via commonly consumed bivalve and vegetable species in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Concentrations Of Heavy Metals In Leafy Vegetables Taken From A Local Market In Kundra, Koraput, Odisha, India

Concentrations Of Heavy Metals In Leafy Vegetables Taken From A Local Market In Kundra, Koraput, Odisha, India

Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals and Microplastic-like Particles from Consumption of Bivalves

Inorganic nutrients and heavy metals in some wild edible plants consumed by rural communities in Northern Uganda: Implications for human health

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