Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview

Ansary, Johura; Forbes‐Hernández, Tamara Y.; Gil‐Martín, Emilio; Cianciosi, Danila; Zhang, Jiaojiao; Zabaleta, María Eléxpuru; Simal-Gándara, Jesús; Giampieri, Francesca; Battino, Maurizio

doi:10.3390/antiox9070619

Cited by 129 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Many researchers have reported the biomedical applications of herbal medicines [ 346 , 347 , 348 , 349 , 350 , 351 , 352 , 353 , 354 , 355 , 356 , 357 , 358 , 359 , 360 , 361 , 362 , 363 , 364 , 365 ]. Antibiotics and other chemical antimicrobial agents including metal oxide and metal nanoparticles can inhibit bacteria growth but also lead to ROS generation and other side effects.…”

Section: Conclusion and The Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

et al. 2020

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Recently, increasing public concern about hygiene has been driving many studies to investigate antimicrobial and antiviral agents. However, the use of any antimicrobial agents must be limited due to their possible toxic or harmful effects. In recent years, due to previous antibiotics’ lesser side effects, the use of herbal materials instead of synthetic or chemical drugs is increasing. Herbal materials are found in medicines. Herbs can be used in the form of plant extracts or as their active components. Furthermore, most of the world’s populations used herbal materials due to their strong antimicrobial properties and primary healthcare benefits. For example, herbs are an excellent material to replace nanosilver as an antibiotic and antiviral agent. The use of nanosilver involves an ROS-mediated mechanism that might lead to oxidative stress-related cancer, cytotoxicity, and heart diseases. Oxidative stress further leads to increased ROS production and also delays the cellular processes involved in wound healing. Therefore, existing antibiotic drugs can be replaced with biomaterials such as herbal medicine with high antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. This review paper highlights the antibacterial, antiviral, and radical scavenger (antioxidant) properties of herbal materials. Antimicrobial activity, radical scavenger ability, the potential for antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer agents, and efficacy in eliminating bacteria and viruses and scavenging free radicals in herbal materials are discussed in this review. The presented herbal antimicrobial agents in this review include clove, portulaca, tribulus, eryngium, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, thyme, pennyroyal, mint, fennel, chamomile, burdock, eucalyptus, primrose, lemon balm, mallow, and garlic, which are all summarized.

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Section: Conclusion and The Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

et al. 2020

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“…Other vegetables such as garlic, from the liliaceae family (“allium vegetables”), despite being used as a condiment, are also well known for their therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial [ 35 , 42 ]. Garlic has a high content of organosulfur and flavonoid components that provide the flavor, but it also contains non-sulfur components that act synergistically to provide beneficial effects [ 75 ].…”

Section: Protective Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies investigating the anti-cancerous properties of garlic hypothesize that certain phytochemicals could increase the activity of enzyme systems by detoxifying carcinogens [ 36 , 76 ]. Some authors stress the credible evidence in relation to the association of garlic consumption and esophagus, prostate, larynx, colon, ovarian, kidney, and oral cancer [ 35 ]. This association has been studied using the available scientific evidence [ 36 ] (several methodological deficiencies are noted).…”

Section: Protective Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Oral Cancer and Diet: An Update

et al. 2021

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Oral cancer, included within head and neck cancer, is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in the world. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol, although currently, diet is considered an important determinant for its development. Several dietary nutrients have specific mechanisms of action, contributing to both protection against cancer and increasing the risk for development, growth, and spread. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, curcumin, and green tea can reduce the risk of oral cancer, while the so-called pro-inflammatory diet, rich in red meat and fried foods, can enhance the risk of occurrence. Dietary factors with a protective effect show different mechanisms that complement and overlap with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative effects. The main limitation of in vivo studies is the complexity of isolating the effects related to each one of the nutrients and the relationship with other possible etiological mechanisms. On the contrary, in vitro studies allow determining the specific mechanisms of action of some of the dietary compounds. In conclusion, and despite research limitations, the beneficial effects of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are attributed to different micronutrients that are also found in fish and animal products. These compounds show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative properties that have a preventive role in the development of oral and other types of cancer.

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“…Garlic is a crop of great importance throughout the world and is highly valued for its culinary and medicinal properties. Its secondary metabolites have been shown to positively affect health and contribute to the prevention of many common human diseases, particularly through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases Associated with Bulb Rot in Garlic (Alllium sativum) in Spain

Gálvez

Llamas

2021

Foods

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In recent years, different postharvest alterations have been detected in garlic. In many cases, the symptoms are not well defined, or the etiology is unknown, which further complicates the selection of bulbs during postharvest handling. To characterize the different symptoms of bulb rot caused by fungi, garlic bulb samples were collected from six Spanish provinces in two consecutive years. Eight different fungal species were identified. The most prevalent postharvest disease was Fusarium dry rot (56.1%), which was associated with six Fusarium species. Fusarium proliferatum was detected in more than 85% of symptomatic cloves, followed by F. oxysporum and F. solani. Pathogenicity tests did not show a significant correlation between virulence and mycotoxin production (fumonisins, beauvericin, and moniliformin) or the mycelial growth rate. Penicillium allii was detected in 12.2% of the samples; it was greatly influenced by the harvest season and garlic cultivar, and three different morphotypes were identified. Stemphylium vesicarium and Embellisia allii were pathogenic to wounded cloves. Some of the isolated fungal species produce highly toxic mycotoxins, which may have a negative impact on human health. This work is the first to determine the quantitative importance, pathogenicity, and virulence of the causative agents of postharvest garlic rot in Spain.

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Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview

Cited by 129 publications

References 134 publications

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

Association between Oral Cancer and Diet: An Update

Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases Associated with Bulb Rot in Garlic (Alllium sativum) in Spain

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