Potential global impact of the N501Y mutation on MHC-II presentation and immune escape

Castro, Andrea; Carter, Hannah; Zanetti, Maurizio

doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429431

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…N501Y occurs in the epitope defined by the ‘443–450’ loop and increases affinity to ACE2 by 10‐folds 110–112 because of higher number of interactions with residues Y41 and K353 (ACE2), 113,114 increasing the overall binding affinity 115 (estimate at −0.81 kcal/mol 116 or −20 kcal/mol 117 in different studies). It also reduced presentation across the majority of MHC‐II alleles 118 . Modelling analysis showed that the N501Y mutation would allow a potential aromatic ring–ring interaction and an additional hydrogen bond between the RBD and ACE2 112 .…”

Section: Spike Protein Mutations Detected In Currently Circulating Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralising antibody escape of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein: Risk assessment for antibody‐based Covid‐19 therapeutics and vaccines

Focosi¹,

Maggi

2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

142

170

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Summary The Spike protein is the target of both antibody‐based therapeutics (convalescent plasma, polyclonal serum, monoclonal antibodies) and vaccines. Mutations in Spike could affect efficacy of those treatments. Hence, monitoring of mutations is necessary to forecast and readapt the inventory of therapeutics. Different phylogenetic nomenclatures have been used for the currently circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 clades. The Spike protein has different hotspots of mutation and deletion, the most dangerous for immune escape being the ones within the receptor binding domain (RBD), such as K417N/T, N439K, L452R, Y453F, S477N, E484K, and N501Y. Convergent evolution has led to different combinations of mutations among different clades. In this review we focus on the main variants of concern, that is, the so‐called UK (B.1.1.7), South African (B.1.351) and Brazilian (P.1) strains.

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Section: Spike Protein Mutations Detected In Currently Circulating Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralising antibody escape of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein: Risk assessment for antibody‐based Covid‐19 therapeutics and vaccines

Focosi¹,

Maggi

2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

142

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite having developed hygiene concepts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among stadium visitors, essentially all major sports leagues started the 2020/2021 season without spectators [10][11][12]. Further, even after the introduction of several vaccines against COVID-19 at the beginning of the year 2021, the majority of sports events have remained closed to the general public due to the relatively low percentages of vaccinated people, increasing new infections as of April 2021, as well as the appearance of mutations, against which current vaccinations are believed to be less effective [13]. So-called immunity passes have been in discussion, which would allow immune spectators to enter the stadiums.…”

Section: The Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Club Revenues for Player Salaries and Transfer Expenses—How Does the Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) Impact the English Premier League?

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption in the sports industry and has raised the question of whether the football industry is based on a sustainable business model. Using data from the English Premier League (EPL), we develop a regression model to achieve two objectives. First, we examine the relationship between the different revenue sources (TV revenues, match revenues, and commercial revenues) and the main cost drivers of professional football clubs (player salaries and transfer expenses). Second, we seek to predict the likely impact of a major market downturn such as the COVID-19 pandemic in the EPL. Our results suggest that TV revenues are by far the most important source of income for player salaries and market values, followed by match revenues and commercial revenues. We predict that player salaries, market values, and transfer expenses will all decrease in the forthcoming EPL season, 2020/2021. The magnitude of the reduction depends on the coronavirus scenario and ranges from −20.4% to −9.5% for player salaries and −26.7% to −12.4% for player market values. Our study seeks to explore the relative impact of the three main revenue sources in the EPL on the unprecedented growth of player salaries, market values, and net transfer expenses in the last three decades. In addition, our study adds to the understanding of the pandemic’s expected impact on the EPL.

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“…There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect leukocytes [ 43 ], including T lymphocytes, in which the virus may use the CD4 molecule, facilitating further evasion of the immune response [ 44 ]. Early work on the new variants suggests the N501Y mutation may facilitate immune escape by weakening cooperation between T and B cells [ 45 ].…”

Section: Immune Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty around the Long-Term Implications of COVID-19

Desforges

Gurdasani

Hamdy³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 231 million people globally, with more than 4.7 million deaths recorded by the World Health Organization as of 26 September 2021. In response to the pandemic, some countries (New Zealand, Vietnam, Taiwan, South Korea and others) have pursued suppression strategies, so-called Zero COVID policies, to drive and maintain infection rates as close to zero as possible and respond aggressively to new cases. In comparison, European countries and North America have adopted mitigation strategies (of varying intensity and effectiveness) that aim primarily to prevent health systems from being overwhelmed. With recent advances in our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and its biology, and the increasing recognition there is more to COVID-19 beyond the acute infection, we offer a perspective on some of the long-term risks of mutational escape, viral persistence, reinfection, immune dysregulation and neurological and multi-system complications (Long COVID).

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Potential global impact of the N501Y mutation on MHC-II presentation and immune escape

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Neutralising antibody escape of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein: Risk assessment for antibody‐based Covid‐19 therapeutics and vaccines

Neutralising antibody escape of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein: Risk assessment for antibody‐based Covid‐19 therapeutics and vaccines

The Importance of Club Revenues for Player Salaries and Transfer Expenses—How Does the Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) Impact the English Premier League?

Uncertainty around the Long-Term Implications of COVID-19

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