Potential for Upgrading El-Nakheil Oil Shale by Froth Flotation

Abstract

The necessity to satisfy the increasing demand for energy and the progressive depletion of crude oil resources have renewed interest in oil shale as an alternative fuel resource. This paper aims at determining the potential for upgrading El-Nakheil oil shale, Egypt, using froth flotation. Samples were prepared by comminution followed by sieving into different size fractions. The flotation behavior of the material and extent of cleaning were studied with respect to non-ionic and ionic collectors of anionic and cationic types. The organic rich portions of samples could not be rendered sufficiently hydrophobic by the collectors used and the selectivity towards surfactant was very low.

Treatment of Refinery Industrial Wastewater Using a Hybrid Aluminum Sulfate/Kaolin Coagulant

“…We previously reported on sample homogenization, size reduction, and characterization [7]. According to German regulations and as demonstrated in earlier journals [8][9], the ball mill ground material was dry-sieved using a Fritsch shaker. The size fraction with a -250 μm consisting of 92% Kaolinite was retained for treatment experiments.…”

“…These outcomes might be a result of the properties of kaolin and its propensity to absorb dissolved gases and oil. Excellent adsorption properties for cationic contaminants and, in some situations, anionic components from wastewater are characteristics of kaolinitic clay [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Additionally, it was discovered that treating industrial wastewater with coagulation/flocculation at different types and doses reduces the hazardous elements in these fluids [8][9][10][11]. It believes to be expensively effective when the waste produced by wastewater treatment units has large concentrations of dangerous substances like phenols, oils, heavy metals, etc.…”

Enhancing Ordinary Portland Cement Mortar's Engineering Specifications using Pumice Stone

“…Ground samples were then stored in dry plastic bags until the moment they are used. A Fritsch shaker was used to measure the size distribution of the cement, sand, and pumice samples in accordance with German standards as outlined in prior publications [21,22]. Distilled water was used for mortar preparation in all samples.…”

Simulation and Assessment of Shale Oil Leakage During in Situ Oil Shale Mining

“…These values differ from the respective figures in coal and carbonaceous shale. Oil shale as an unconventional source of oil [5] is considered to be an alternative energy in the 21st century [6], due to its abundance and feasible exploitation and utilization [7]. Oil shale is distributed worldwide [8] and more than 600 deposits have been discovered in the USA [9], Australia, Estonia, China and other countries [5].…”