Potential for the replication of the betanodavirus redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus in human cell lines

Abstract

The determination of the host ranges of viruses is important because of the possible emergence of infectious agents, which may result from the zoonotic transmission of animal viruses to humans. The family Nodaviridae, whose members are non-enveloped, positive-stranded bipartite RNA viruses, is comprised of the genera Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus, whose members predominantly infect insects and fish, respectively. The alphanodaviruses can also infect suckling mice and suckling hamsters, resulting in paralysis and death. Pigs near the site of isolation of the Nodamura virus (NoV), an alphanodavirus, have been reported to have high levels of NoV neutralizing antibody, suggesting that they may be part of the natural host range of this virus. Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis, which occurs in several species of fish. However, little is known regarding the mechanism of infection of these viruses. Whether betanodaviruses can infect hosts other than fish remains unclear. In this study, we examined the possibility that a betanodavirus, redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), can infect human cell lines and showed that this virus can attach to the cells but cannot penetrate them, although human cells can support the replication of the betanodavirus when viral RNAs are transfected. The betanodavirus in its present form cannot infect human cells.

Biochemical Features of a Catalytic Antibody Light Chain, 22F6, Prepared from Human Lymphocytes

“…In order to investigate RNase activity, we extracted genome RNAs from influenza virus and Noda virus in accordance with past studies (17, 18). However, we failed to prepare influenza virus RNA because it was very unstable.…”

“…Genome RNAs from influenza virus and Noda virus were prepared in accordance with past studies (17, 18). Briefly, virions were recovered from the banding fraction by ultracentrifugation.…”

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in aquaculture: a review

“…The species of the first genus were originally isolated from insects (Fig. 1), but appear to infect both vertebrates and invertebrates, and to cause the death of insect and mammalian hosts (Adachi et al 2008). Betanodaviruses usually affect the nervous system of marine fish, leading to behavioural abnormalities and extreme high mortalities (Munday, Kwang & Moody 2002).…”

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from salmonid fish enters, but does not replicate in, mammalian cells

“…The virus may also simply be trapped in the punctate structures described above. When studying RGNNV infection in human cell cultures, Adachi et al (2008) [10] showed that circumventing some obstacles early in the infection process may lead to the production of progeny RGNNV.…”

“…The fish virus betanodavirus Red grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) was shown to bind to human cells in cell culture, but was unable to enter into these cells. However, virus replication could be initiated by transfection of cells with viral RNA [10]. …”