Potential for strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance

Hickson, R. C.; Dvořák, Bohuslav; Gorostiaga, Esteban M.; Kurowski, T. T.; Foster, Carolyn

doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2285

Cited by 230 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It seems that training preparation primarily focused on the both speed-endurance and explosive strength may lead among others to the enhancement in the work economy. Our results are in agreement with the study of Hickson, Dvorak, Gorostiaga, Kurowski, and Foster (1988) who showed that an incorporation the strength drills into endurance program resulted in an increase of 13% in short-term endurance (time to exhaustion on the treadmill) together with unchanged VO 2 max level. On the other hand, Botek et al (2010) demonstrated a significant increase in VO 2 max after 5 weeks training in soccer players who performed both strength, and endurance drills.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Autonomic cardiac regulation and morpho-physiological responses to eight week training preparation in junior soccer players

Botek¹,

Weisser²

2014

Acta Gymnica

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Background: Training preparation in soccer is thought to improve body composition and performance level, especially the maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2 max). However, an enhancement in performance may be attenuated by the increase of fatigue. Heart rate variability (HRV) as a non-invasive index of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been considered to be a sensitive tool in fatigue assessment. Objective: This study was focused to evaluate the response of ANS activity and morpho-physiological parameters to eight week training preparation. Methods: Study included 12 trained soccer players aged 17.2 ± 1.2 years. Athletes underwent pre-and post-preparation testing that included the ANS activity assessment by spectral analysis of HRV in supine and upright position. Further, body composition was analyzed via electrical bio-impedance method and physiological parameters were assessed during maximal stress tests. ANS activity and subjective feeling of fatigue was assessed continuously within subsequent weeks of preparation. Results: No significant differences in all HRV variables within weeks were found. Pre vs. post analyses revealed a significant (p < .05) increase in body weight, fat free mass, body mass index, and peak power. A significant decline in mean maximal heart rate (HR) and resting HR at standing was identified at the end of preparation. Since no significant changes between pre-post-preparation in the mean VO 2 max occurred, the positive correlation between the individual change in VO 2 max and the vagally related HRV [supine LnHF (r = .78), Ln rMSSD (r = .63), and the standing LnHF (r = .73, p < .05)] was found. Conclusions: This study showed that an 8 week training program modified particularly fat free mass and short-term endurance, whereas both the autonomic cardiac regulation and the feeling of fatigue remained almost unaffected. Standing position seems to be more sensitive in terms of the HR response in relation to fatigue perception than supine.Keywords: heart rate variability, adaptation, exercise, vagal activity, body composition, fatigue & Marins, 2008;Impellizzeri, Rampinini, & Marcora, 2005;Reilly, Bangsbo, & Franks, 2000). Besides VO 2 max, running economy also takes an important part in aerobic endurance determination. For example, Helgerud et al. (2001) showed the 6.7% increase in running economy after 8 week of aerobic training in junior soccer players.Standardized aerobic training programs have been shown to increase VO 2 max by 25% in untrained subjects (Lortie et al., 1984). However, to date, the literature has repeatedly reported heterogeneous responses in VO 2 max to the same aerobic training program that ranged from decreases to over 40% enhancements in VO 2 max (Boutcher, Park, Dunn, & Boutcher, 2013;Hautala, Kiviniemi, & Tulppo, 2009;Hautala et al., 2003;Kohrt et al., 1991;Vesterinen et al., 2013). Some authors have suggested that the inter-individual variation in adaptive responses to training is related to the individual training status ("trainability"). They IntroductionSucc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Autonomic cardiac regulation and morpho-physiological responses to eight week training preparation in junior soccer players

Botek¹,

Weisser²

2014

Acta Gymnica

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“…Previous studies (17,36,43) have reported that various forms of resistance training may lead to improved endurance performance in trained subjects. However, the optimal prescription of resistance training to improve endurance running performance has yet to be firmly established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Resistance Training on Running Economy and Cross-country Performance

Barnes

Hopkins

McGuigan

et al. 2013

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose Heavy-resistance training and plyometric training offer distinct physiological and neuromuscular adaptations that could enhance running economy and consequently distancerunning performance. To date no studies have examined the effect of combining the two modes of training on running economy or performance. Methods Fifty collegiate male and female cross-country runners performed a 5-km time-trial and a series of laboratory-based tests to determine aerobic, anthropometric, biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics.Thereafter, each athlete participated in a season of 6-8 collegiate cross-country races over 13 weeks. After the first four weeks, athletes were randomly assigned to either heavy-resistance or plyometric plus heavy-resistance training. Five days after completing their final competition, runners repeated the same set of laboratory tests. We also estimated effects of the intervention on competition performance throughout the season using athletes of other teams as controls.Results Heavy-resistance training produced small-moderate improvements in peak speed, running economy and neuromuscular characteristics relative to plyometric resistance training, whereas changes in biomechanical measures favored plyometric resistance training. Males made less gains than females in most tests. Both treatments had possibly harmful effects on competition times in males (mean 0.5%; 90% confidence limits ±1.2%), but there may have been benefit for some individuals. Both treatments were likely beneficial for all females (-1.2%; ±1.3%), but heavy-resistance was possibly better than plyometric resistance training. ConclusionThe changes in laboratory-based parameters related to distance-running performance were consistent with the changes in competition times for females but only partly for males. Our data indicate that females should include heavy-resistance training in their programs, but males

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“…71 Table 1. Training Recommendations HIIT 1-3 sessions per week; interval durations up to 60%Tlim, total of ≈ 10 mins close to vVO2max ; use no-impact modes for additional training volume for overweight individuals 41,45,50,57 Distance Training 0-4 sessions per week; 12-40 mins in duration, 60-80% HRmax 29,55,68 Plyometrics/Mechanics Drills 2 sessions per week: 5-10 sprints of 20-100m, 30-200 foot contacts, 5-20 repetitions per set, loads 0-40% 1RM 29,72 Strength Training 2-10 exercises; 2-5 sessions per week; ≥3 sets of multiple joint exercises at intensities from 12RM to 3RM (≈ 70-95% 1RM); periodized program; 27,28,32,62,70,72,73 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 A variety of strength training programs using heavy loads and lighter loads in explosive strength training have been shown to improve running performance in middle distances and laboratory runs within our target timeframes with subjects from a variety of populations. [26][27][28] No studies were available that evaluated chronic strength training programs (beyond 28 weeks) in distance runners. However, evidence indicates that strength training can improve run performance.…”

Section: Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Training Guidelines for the 1.5 and 2-Mile Runs

Gleason¹,

Hollins²,

Santana³

et al. 2014

Journal of Trainology

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Very little peer-reviewed information is available to aid military personnel in selecting training programs to enhance performance on fitness tests and direct fitness-related military policy. Objective: This review provides recommendations on training programs for enhancing performance on 1.5-mile and 2-mile runs based on the available relevant literature. Design: Short review article. Methods: Collected relevant research articles by using search terms such as aerobic power, military physical fitness test, strength training, resistance training, endurance training, high intensity interval training, running economy, 3 km run, 5 km run, and 1.5/2-mile run. Results: Evidence has shown running performance can improve with a combination of traditional strength training, high intensity interval training, and distance training. Conclusion: A combination of traditional strength training, high intensity interval training, and distance training should be used to enhance running performance on the 1.5 and 2-mile run tests used by the military.(Journal of Trainology 2014;3:11-30)

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Potential for strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance

Cited by 230 publications

References 16 publications

Autonomic cardiac regulation and morpho-physiological responses to eight week training preparation in junior soccer players

Autonomic cardiac regulation and morpho-physiological responses to eight week training preparation in junior soccer players

Effects of Resistance Training on Running Economy and Cross-country Performance

Performance Training Guidelines for the 1.5 and 2-Mile Runs

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