Potential for regional use of East Africa’s natural gas

Demierre, Jonathan; Bazilian, Morgan; Carbajal, Jonathan; Sherpa, Shaky; Modi, Vijay

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.012

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Severe catchment modification is also linked to higher runoff and reduced infiltration (Valimba 2004) hence may affect groundwater recharge locally. Recent discoveries of natural gas in the southern part of the country (Demierre et al 2015); can supply needed energy and slow down deforestation rates. Furthermore, instead of using open furnaces to produce lime powder, energy saving stoves and closed furnaces which use less wood like the ones used to make local mud bricks can be adopted (URT 2015).…”

Section: Salt and Limestone Manufacturing And Environmental Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and mechanisms of high salinity in Hombolo Dam and groundwater in Dodoma municipality Tanzania, revealed

et al. 2017

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The Hombolo dam (HD), in central Tanzania, is a shallow reservoir characterized by high salinity that limits its use for human activities. The origin of the salinity, mechanisms of reaching and concentrating in the dam remain unclear. These were assessed using hydrogeochemical facies, water type evolutions and mapping. The source of HD salinity was identified to be shallow groundwater (SG) and runoff from a seasonal floodplain with NaCl-rich lithological materails, along Little Kinyasungwe River that feeds the dam. The NaCl-rich lithological units, about 5-7 km upstream of the dam, were highly concentrated with NaCl to the extent that the local community was commercially separating table salt from them. The physicochemical parameters from these NaCl-rich lithological materials were well represented in HD and nearby groundwater sources, which suggests active water interactions. Water type evolution and surface hydrology assessments clearly showed that SG in the salty-floodplain was influenced by evaporation (ET) and was periodically carried to the HD. Clearly; HD water had high chemical similarity with the nearby SG. This agrees with previous studies that HD is partly fed by the local aquifer. However, this is the first attempt at mapping its physical origin. The origin of HD salinity was further supported by the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity (EC), where very high EC (up to 21,230 lScm ) was recorded in SG within the NaCl-rich lithological unit while water sources far away from the NaClrich materials had much lower EC values. Thus, the study disagrees with previous conclusions that HD salinity was sorely due to high dam surface ET but is primarily due to geological reasons. Comparisons of HD with a nearby Matumbulu dam (MD), another earthen dam in climatologically similar settings, reveals that MD water was less saline/ mineralised. This further shows that HD high salinity is most likely a geologic phenomenon, but local climatic factors, namely high ET, decreasing rainfall and warming trends are likely to have concentrated the salts further. Although HD is widely/ideally used for grape vine irrigation, it was clearly revealed that its prolonged usage would potentially affect the soil and grape productivity due to high salinity.

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Section: Salt and Limestone Manufacturing And Environmental Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and mechanisms of high salinity in Hombolo Dam and groundwater in Dodoma municipality Tanzania, revealed

et al. 2017

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“…For example, what are the implications of increased global access to low-cost natural gas supplies due to expanded exploitation of newly discovered resources and reduced costs of liquefied natural gas transport? This must include aspects of resource governance as well as links to demand for natural gas beyond power generation [46]. Researchers should also assess the extent to which liquefied petroleum gas can play a key role in expanding access to cleaner forms of cooking [47,48].…”

Section: Towards a Cross-cutting Research Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigms and poverty in global energy policy: research needs for achieving universal energy access

Sovacool

Bazilian

Toman

2016

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…First, it has been widely adopted in the literature and its advanced user interface program is freely available online. 4 The algorithm has been used to study electricity planning in Kenya (Parshall et al, 2009), Senegal (Sanoh et al, 2012), Ghana (Abdul-Salam and Phimister, 2016;Kemausuor et al, 2014), Nigeria (Akpan, 2014;Ohiare, 2015) and gas network planning in East Africa (Demierre et al, 2015). Second, it has been tested against two existing heuristic algorithms and have been found to yield better cost effective results (see Abdul-Salam and Phimister, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective are heuristic solutions for electricity planning in developing countries

Abdul-Salam

Phimister

2016

Socio-Economic Planning Sciences

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Heuristic algorithms have been widely used to provide computationally feasible means of exploring the cost effective balance between grid versus off grid sources for universal electrification in developing countries. By definition in such algorithms however, global optimality is not guaranteed. We present a computationally intensive but globally optimal mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model for electricity planning and use it in a Monte Carlo simulation procedure to test the relative performance of a widely used heuristic algorithm due to Parshall et al. (2009). We show that the overall difference in cost is typically small suggesting that the heuristic algorithm is generally cost effective in many situations. However we find that the relative performance of the heuristic algorithm deteriorates with increasing degree of spatial dispersion of unelectrified settlements, as well as increasing spatial remoteness of the settlements from the grid network, suggesting that the effectiveness of the heuristic algorithm is context specific. Further, we find that allocation of off grid sources in the heuristic algorithm solution is often significantly greater than in the MINLP model suggesting that heuristic methods can overstate the role of off-grid solutions in certain situations.

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Potential for regional use of East Africa’s natural gas

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Origin and mechanisms of high salinity in Hombolo Dam and groundwater in Dodoma municipality Tanzania, revealed

Origin and mechanisms of high salinity in Hombolo Dam and groundwater in Dodoma municipality Tanzania, revealed

Paradigms and poverty in global energy policy: research needs for achieving universal energy access

How effective are heuristic solutions for electricity planning in developing countries

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