Potential for quality protein maize for reducing proteinenergy undernutrition in maize dependent Sub-Saharan African countries: A review

Nyakurwa, Cacious Stanford; Gasura, Edmore; Mabasa, Stanford

doi:10.4314/acsj.v25i4.9

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…To date in Zimbabwe, very excellent varieties of QPM like Mama (MQ623) from Mukushi seeds, SC643 from SeedCo and ZS261 from ARDA Seeds have been developed (Nyakurwa et al, 2017). These QPM varieties have been found to yield the same or 10-25% higher than the non-QPM varieties under the same agronomic conditions (Setimela et al, 2017;Nyakurwa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Status Of Indigenous Chicken Production Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects of quality protein maize as feed for indigenous chickens in Zimbabwe: A review

Bidi¹,

Gasura²,

Ncube³

et al. 2019

Afr. Crop Sci. J.

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Indigenous chickens (IC) play an important role in African rural household settings, particularly in improving their livelihoods. However, IC production is characterised by low productivity due to poor quality and quantity of feed, compounded by poor management practises. This dire situation is aggravated by the fact that IC are raised under extensive systems, supplemented with meagre grain supplements. They are a hardy poultry species and as a result most farmers assume that their nutritional requirements can be met through scavenging. To the contrary, analysis of crop contents has shown that IC nutritional intake levels are often below optimum for production. To enhance the productivity of IC, there is urgent need to explore the use of alternative nutritionally rich feed stuffs. One of such ingredients is Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Quality protein maize contains elevated levels of lysine and tryptophan, compared to non-QPM. The objective of this article is to review the prospects of QPM as feed for IC, through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis. Due to its superior nutritional quality, QPM has the potential to enhance growth rate, carcass characteristics and immunity of indigenous chickens. However, QPM is still a new technology in Zimbabwe; most farmers are not aware of its existence. There is, therefore, need for policies and infrastructural adjustments to promote its widespread adoption. Furthermore, there is need for feeding trials as they provide concrete evidence of the benefits of this kind of maize.

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Section: Status Of Indigenous Chicken Production Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure adequate supply of QPM, the Government of Zimbabwe could make it mandatory for the seed companies to produce at least one variety of QPM (Nyakurwa et al, 2017). Quality protein maize technology could also be included in the national extension programme.…”

Section: Nutritional Value Of Quality Protein Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of quality protein maize as feed for indigenous chickens in Zimbabwe: A review

Bidi¹,

Gasura²,

Ncube³

et al. 2019

Afr. Crop Sci. J.

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“…In countries such as Ghana and Kenya, QPM-based products such as bread, mealie meal and biscuits are available on the market and are clearly labelled for customers to make informed choices (Bett et al, 2014;Abiose et al, 2015). Different seed companies are also producing QPM seed in Modified from Krivanek et al (2007) and Nyakurwa et al (2017) (Nyakurwa et al, 2017). The description of the varieties on the market in southern Africa is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Qpm Breeding Approaches: Present and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Zimbabwe is a new adopter (Table 2), there is hope that it will be the major producer, given the current government policy that promotes production of bio-fortified crops, making it compulsory for staple crops to be bio-fortified. Nyakurwa et al (2017) reported that lack of sound national policies is one of the major factors contributing to the low adoption of QPM genotypes. This is because despite the benefits of QPM genotypes, only a few countries in SSA region have managed to successfully promote extensive production of QPM genotypes.…”

Section: Qpm Breeding Approaches: Present and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the policies which need to be considered for the successful promotion and production of QPM are; making it compulsory for each and every seed company to produce and market at least one QPM variety (Nyakurwa et al, 2017). Moreover, governments should formulate policies which initiate seed companies to promote non-formal seed sources for QPM such open pollinated QPM varieties (Nyakurwa et al, 2017). Such policies would improve on the availability of QPM germplasm to potential consumers, and thereby, promote its adoption.…”

Section: Qpm Breeding Approaches: Present and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic basis and the current breeding efforts for quality protein maize in Southern Africa

Maibvisira¹,

Gasura²,

Maphosa³

et al. 2018

Afr. Crop Sci. J.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is deficient in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. Opaque-2 maize mutant discovery that is high in lysine and tryptophan, offers an avenue for maize protein quality improvement. Quality protein maize (QPM), a product of the extensive development of the Opaque-2 mutant, is an affordable and viable option for overcoming the scourge of protein malnutrition in humans and monogastric livestock especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this review was to scrutinise the genetic basis of quality protein maize (QPM), and current breeding efforts, and propose potential uptake pathways for QPM products in southern Africa. The conventional QPM breeding methods are based on phenotypic selection to identify genotypes carrying the recessive Opaque-2 alleles. However, phenotypic selection is negatively influenced by the environment and has huge drain on resources such as time, money and labour, with low genetic gains. From this, marker assisted breeding methods are clearly the most efficient way of QPM breeding. Institutions such as the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) are currently employing molecular breeding in QPM breeding programmes so as to quicken and ease the process of QPM breeding. To date, a number of QPM varieties have been released and are being promoted using various pathways and policies.

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Maize significance in Indian food situation to mitigate malnutrition

2020

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Background and objectives India the second most populous country across the world provides shelter to 270 million hungry people and 24% malnourished children below 5 years of age. So, India needs to grow enough staple food to alleviate malnutrition and hunger. At times, staple foods are not sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of the vulnerable group. So, dietary modification and cultivation of more nutritious food crops in sufficient amount are the only option in some nutritional deficiencies. Findings Maize being the fastest growing cash crop is the widely cultivated coarse cereal across the world and also contains the highest genetic potential among all food grains. The biofortified maize widely known as quality protein maize (QPM) has now become the miracle crop for developing countries as it has better nutritional quality. QPM offers a higher biological value (80%) which makes it equivalent to 90% of the milk protein. Conclusions QPM may provide a suitable remedy to curb protein‐energy malnutrition among children. Significance and novelty This paper has been attempted to summarize maize potential in terms of its production, biofortification, nutritional properties, and value‐added product development with respect to Indian food situation.

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Potential for quality protein maize for reducing proteinenergy undernutrition in maize dependent Sub-Saharan African countries: A review

Cited by 35 publications

References 77 publications

Prospects of quality protein maize as feed for indigenous chickens in Zimbabwe: A review

Prospects of quality protein maize as feed for indigenous chickens in Zimbabwe: A review

Genetic basis and the current breeding efforts for quality protein maize in Southern Africa

Maize significance in Indian food situation to mitigate malnutrition

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