Potential for prostate cancer prevention through physical activity

Young‐McCaughan, Stacey

doi:10.1007/s00345-011-0812-y

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer was not seen in independent analysis of physical activity at work, but marginally significant results were seen for physical activity in leisure time since the age of 20 years. These results suggest that the effects of physical activity may be accumulative over time and/or need to be continuous during the induction time of prostate cancer, which tends to be long (3,5,6). The total amount of physical activity may also be important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing evidence, including a recent meta-analysis (3), suggests that physical activity and fitness may play a preventive role in prostate cancer development and progression (3)(4)(5)(6). Results of the numerous studies addressing physical activity and risk of prostate cancer have though been found to be inconsistent (3)(4)(5)(6), perhaps due to methodological differences across studies, including inability to distinguish lethal from indolent prostate cancers, variation in follow-up time, and methods for ascertainment of physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of the numerous studies addressing physical activity and risk of prostate cancer have though been found to be inconsistent (3)(4)(5)(6), perhaps due to methodological differences across studies, including inability to distinguish lethal from indolent prostate cancers, variation in follow-up time, and methods for ascertainment of physical activity. Importantly, it is not known whether persistent activity or physical activity during specific periods of life affects prostate cancer risk (3,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity from Early Adulthood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study among Icelandic Men

Hrafnkelsdóttir

Torfadóttir

Aspelund

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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Physical activity in adult life may reduce prostate cancer risk. Data are scarce on the role of activity during early adulthood, as well as combined recreational and occupational physical activity on prostate cancer risk and mortality. We undertook a prospective study of 8,221 Icelandic men (born 1907 to 1935) in the population-based Reykjavik Study. At enrollment, between 1967 and 1987, the men provided information on regular recreational physical activity since the age of 20 years as well as current occupational activity. Through linkage to nationwide cancer and mortality registers, the men were followed for prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality through 2009. We used Cox models to calculate the relative risk of prostate cancer by level of physical activity. During a mean follow-up of 24.8 years, 1,052 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, of whom 349 had advanced disease (stage 3þ or prostate cancer death). Neither recreational nor occupational physical activity was, independently or combined, associated with overall or localized prostate cancer. Compared with physically inactive men, we observed a nonsignificant lower risk of advanced prostate cancer [HR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-1.07] among men reporting both recreational and occupational physical activities (P value for interaction ¼ 0.03). Awaiting confirmation in larger studies with detailed assessment of physical activity, our data suggest that extensive physical activity beginning in early adulthood may reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 8(10); 905-11. Ó2015 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity from Early Adulthood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study among Icelandic Men

Hrafnkelsdóttir

Torfadóttir

Aspelund

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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“…About prostate cancer some researchers stated that there is no risk difference among various levels of PA in population and some others have documented even a small increased risk, but the majority of studies demonstrated a significant small protective effect for PA (20). It should be noticed that despite intensive exercise, PA in leisure and vocational activity has no protective impact (21).…”

Section: Risk Reduction For Various Cancer Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Role of Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Middle East Reports

2017

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Context: Cancer is the second cause of death. All cancer types are increasing in most countries. Almost 80% of cancer related deaths disproportionately happen in less developed countries. Middle East is a unique region with a huge wave of cancer. This cancer surge is sure to be a shock for people. The present review discusses current status of cancer and evidence related to cancer preventive effects of physical activity (PA) among studies conducted in the Middle East region.Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive search was performed in three major databases of Cochrane, Pubmed and Tripdatabase (up to January 2016). Among the resulted 32 English-language articles, eighteen were fully reviewed. Cancer preventive effects (as relative risks or risk reduction) were extracted and tabulated.Results: It had been confirmed earlier that regular PA decreases the risk of many diseases including some types of neoplasms. Exercise can play a crucial role indirectly through weight loss, but obesity prevention does not explain all impacts of PA. As a high proportion of people in developing countries have sedentary lifestyle, even a small risk may be associated with a high populationattributable risk (PAR). Although PA during rest and vocational activities are not protective, there is powerful evidence on strong preventive effect for vigorous intensity PA. The higher-intensity PA is more effective than exercise of longer duration. Existing clinical guidelines recommend at least 150 min of medium or 75 min of high-intensity exercise per week.Conclusions: Totally about 9-19% of cancer cases are in strong relationship to physical inactivity. To better deal with the epidemic surge of cancer it is necessary to improve public knowledge on cancer preventive effect of PA. In one word some pivotal measures like avoiding tobacco exposure, consuming a healthy diet and staying physically active can substantially decrease one's risk of cancer. Policymakers should decrease public exposure to carcinogens in the environment, and ensure that precise and sufficient information is provided for whole society and support them to adopt and implement healthy lifestyles.Keywords: Neoplasms, Prevention, Exercise, Middle East Context Introduction on Emerging Cancer SurgeNeoplasms are the second leading cause of death in the world. Incidence rates of all types of cancer have increased in most countries during recent decades. A recent report of international agency for research on cancer (IARC) has stated that about 14,000,000 patients with recent diagnosis of neoplasms were detected in 2012 and more than 8 million people have died because of cancer. It also predicted that by the end of 2030, the number of new cases of cancer will be about 22 million and subsequently more and more deaths would be encountered (1).Almost 80 percent of this increase in cancer related deaths will be disproportionately in less developed countries like the Middle East region. Incidence in this area is expected to double by the middle of 2020. This cancer surge is sure to ...

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“…Subsequently, updated reviews have concluded that physical activity is also clearly a protective factor for cancer of the kidney, and more equivocally, for cancer of the prostate (7,16,17). Both for the gastric cancer relationship reviewed by Singh and colleagues and for these other cancer sites, the risk is about 20% lower for those who are more physically active as compared with those who are largely sedentary.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Gastric Cancer: So What? An Epidemiologist's Confession

Byers¹

2014

Cancer Prevention Research

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Epidemiologists, like many scientists, tend to become specialized and focused on a particular disease, even though behavioral risk factors such as physical activity have effects across many diseases. This commentary is a personal reflection by an epidemiologist on the shortcomings of this disease-oriented approach to prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 9-11. Ó2013 AACR.When I first read the meta-analysis published in this journal by Singh and colleagues concluding that risk for gastric cancer is 21% lower among those who engage in higher levels of physical activity, I must admit my reaction was "so what" (1). My first thought, frankly, was of the image of the iconic New Yorker cartoon that has frequented many epidemiology talks-a sketch of a newscaster in front of two spinning circles of chance. One of the circles lists risk factors like smoking, obesity, and physical activity, and the other lists various diseases. The newscaster is reporting about a new study showing that some random risk factor has now been linked to some random disease. What could any link between physical activity and gastric cancer possibly matter, I thought. Surely, we would not be designing prevention programs specifically promoting physical activity for a 21% reduction in gastric cancer risk, because physical activity is already known to have a larger and more certain impact on more common conditions like heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. That was my initial reaction to the finding linking physical activity to gastric cancer, but since that initial cynical impression, I have since been thinking a lot about physical activity and even more about my attitude.I am a cancer epidemiologist. I like to think I have broad interests and an open mind, but in fact, my professional behavior tends towards narrowness. The articles I read and the meetings I attend are mostly about a few specific diseases. Although I study risk factors, I tend to regard risk factors more as pieces of puzzles to be arranged to form pictures of specific diseases than as matters of direct interest. The reality, though, is that quite often the very same risk factors impacting any single cancer site are also impacting both other cancers as well as many other chronic diseases. When it comes to public health impact, common risk factors trump common diseases every day. Physical activity is a good example. As I have reflected more in recent days on the importance of the association between physical activity and gastric cancer beyond my initial "so what" reaction, I have come to see this relationship as important in two ways--as a finding of broad epidemiologic importance and as a finding with more global implications for public health that we epidemiologists should better appreciate.

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Potential for prostate cancer prevention through physical activity

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

Physical Activity from Early Adulthood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study among Icelandic Men

Physical Activity from Early Adulthood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study among Icelandic Men

A Review on the Role of Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Middle East Reports

Physical Activity and Gastric Cancer: So What? An Epidemiologist's Confession

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