Potential for Phytoextraction of Cu by Sesamum indicum L. and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.: A Green Solution to Decontaminate Soil

Abstract

Phytoextraction is a plant based-technique for removing toxic heavy metals from polluted soil. The experiment reported in this paper was undertaken to study the basic Cu phytoextraction potential of Sesamum indicum in comparison with Cyamopsis tetragonoloba for remediation of Cu contaminated soil in the framework of a pot-experiment. Plants were subjected to seven Cu concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg kg −1 soil) for 12 weeks. The morphological (i.e. growth) and biochemical (i.e. chlorophyll) parameters of both the plant species were observed throughout the experimental period; the phytoextraction efficiency of S. indicum and C. tetragonoloba were also determined. Most growth parameters were reduced under high Cu stress. Our results shows that at low concentration (25 mg Cu kg −1 ) all the growth and biochemical parameters were increased but at elevated Cu concentrations, root length, shoot length, and biomass (fresh and dry) were all significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Chlorophyll contents also declined with increasing concentrations of Cu, when compared with control. A consistent increase of Cu accumulation in root and shoot of both S. indicum and C. tetragonoloba with rising concentrations of Cu in soil was noted for all tested treatments. In this study, both plant species showed quite high Cu tolerance and accumulation efficiency, even though C. tetragonoloba have higher Cu accumulation and tolerance indices than that of S. indicum. At 300 mg Cu kg −1 , the highest Cu concentration was found in the root (282.08 mg Cu kg −1 ) followed by leaf (105.78 mg Cu kg −1 ), stem (65.30 mg Cu kg −1 ), and pod (8.13 mg Cu kg −1 ) of S. indicum. In contrast, C. tetragonoloba had highest Cu concentration primarily in the root (158.45 mg Cu kg −1 ) followed by the stem (154.73 mg Cu kg −1 ), leaf (152.32 mg Cu kg −1 ), and pod (8.13 mg Cu kg −1 ). Considering rapid growth, high biomass, tolerance, accumulation efficiency, bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1, bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) > 1 and translocation factor (TF) > 1 established C. tetragonoloba as a potential candidate plant for the decontamination of slightly Cu-polluted soil where the growth of plants would not be impaired and the extraction of Cu could be maintained at satisfying levels. Therefore, the present study suggested that C. tetragonoloba could possibly be used as a viable tool for phytoextraction.

Effect of Citric Acid on Growth, Ecophysiology, Chloroplast Ultrastructure, and Phytoremediation Potential of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) Seedlings Exposed to Copper Stress

“…Moreover, Cu plays a significant role in many physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes such as oxidation-reduction reactions, protein synthesis, oxygen carrier (hemocyanin) synthesis, carbohydrate, protein, and cell wall metabolism, nitrate reductase, and nitrogen fixation mechanisms [4][5][6]. However, Cu in cells need to be kept at low levels because excessive Cu can alter DNA structure, membrane integrity, photosynthesis, alterations in chloroplast structure and respiration which affect plant growth and development [7][8][9][10]. Distribution of Cu in soil is impacted by climatic, geological, and pedological factors.…”

Innovative and sustainable approach for phytoremediation of mine tailings: a review

“…Similarly, good content of linoleic acid in oil produced from R. communis grown on mine tailings which enriches its fuel properties [82]. Phytoextracting plants such as Sesamum indicum and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba are used for bioremediation of Cu-contaminated soil [83]. These plants could be used for the bioremediation of Cu tailings.…”

Maden Sahasından Ağır Metallerin (Cd, Zn, Pb) Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus) Bitkisiyle Fitoekstraksiyonu

“…The phytoextraction method, which is widely used among these methods, is based on the principle of removing heavy metals from the soil and water environment by taking them with plant roots and accumulating them in the green part (stem+leaf) (Rafati et al, 2011;& Inamullah, 2016;Amin et al, 2018).…”