Potential for Mineral Carbonation of CO2 in Pleistocene Basaltic Rocks in Volos Region (Central Greece)

Koukouzas, Nikolaos; Koutsovitis, Petros; Tyrologou, Pavlos; Karkalis, Christos; Arvanitis, Apostolos

doi:10.3390/min9100627

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The CarbFix procedure involves taking greenhouse gases from the geothermal steam and dissolving them in water under high pressure, then injecting them into porous basalt rock at a depth of 500 to 800 metres (Koukouzas et al 2019). The basalt acts like a sponge and captures CO2 for permanent storage in the ground.…”

Section: The Injection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists have developed several other capture and storage procedures, with the German power market as an example (Spiecker et al 2014;Kelektsoglou 2018;Koukouzas et al 2009;McGrail et al 2006;Schaef et al 2010). These procedures help countries attract more investment (Kristjánsdóttir 2019a(Kristjánsdóttir , 2020 and become more competitive (Kristjánsdóttir 2017).…”

Section: Cost Structure Issues and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbfix and Sulfix in Geothermal Production, and the Blue Lagoon in Iceland: Grindavík Urban Settlement, and Volcanic Activity

Kristjánsdóttir

2021

BJES

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This article analyses ways to maintain reservoir sustainability in the area surrounding the Blue Lagoon in Iceland, near the urban settlement of Grindavík on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. The Svartsengi geothermal power plant operations have pioneered the simultaneous production of electricity and hot water from a geothermal reservoir. The Blue Lagoon is a warm geothermal pool using brine from the power plant. This paper reports on the processes and procedures at the Blue Lagoon and the Svartsengi power station, aimed at increasing sustainability of the geothermal resource by injecting the geothermal brine back to ground, to ensure the geothermal resource sustainability in the area. This paper also discusses and explains in details the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from geothermal plant operations in Iceland. When the steam from a geothermal reservoir emerges from the ground, it comes up with enough energy to drive turbine generators for electricity production. However, this involves releasing several greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, including hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This research spotlights a geothermal power plant in Hellisheiði, Iceland, and the use of the CarbFix procedure of capturing and storing carbon dioxide, reducing CO2 emissions from the harnessing of geothermal resources for electricity. CarbFix is a carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon mineralization procedure aimed at binding CO2 to rock. This procedure has been used at Hellisheiði power plant for the past decade in Iceland. Scientists have also developed the SulFix procedure, to capture sulphate H2S in ground. These procedures, SulFix and CarbFix, reduce outlet of greenhouse gases by storing them in basalt rock – also referred to as mineral carbonation or carbon capture and storage. This involves dissolving the greenhouse gases in water, and re-injecting them back into the ground through boreholes, in Hellisheiði. This current research also shows the geology in these areas and reports on calculations that have found re-injection of greenhouse gasses to ground to be economically feasible. The paper covers several scenarios that have already been tested to determine the financial feasibility of capture and storage. These have involved calculating the estimated internal rate of return (IRR), the return on investment (ROI) and the present value (NPV). Economic calculations have been made, showing the CarbFix project to be a feasible option contributing to decreased greenhouse gas emissions.

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Section: The Injection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost Structure Issues and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbfix and Sulfix in Geothermal Production, and the Blue Lagoon in Iceland: Grindavík Urban Settlement, and Volcanic Activity

Kristjánsdóttir

2021

BJES

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“…At a given pH of formation brine, surface ionizable groups of silica will dissociate to a degree that is determined by temperature and salinity, producing predominantly negative surface charge density and potential, assuming pH conditions (near neutral- Kharaka et al (2006)) typical of sine aquifers. As injected and dissolved carbon dioxide dissociate into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions (Koukouzas et al, 2019) additional surface complexation based on hydrogen ion adsorption onto silica surface will proceed as:…”

Section: Surface Complexation and Charge Development In Geologic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Theory to Contact Angle problems and Application to the Carbon Dioxide-Brine-Solid Systems

Amadu

Midanoye

2021

Preprint

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In colloidal science and bioelectrostatics, the linear Poisson Boltzmann Equation (LPBE) has been used extensively for the calculation of potential and surface charge density. Its fundamental assumption rests on the premises of low surface potential. In the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers, very low pH conditions coupled with adsorption induced reduction of surface charge density result in low pH conditions that fit into the LPB theory. In this work, the Gouy-Chapman model of the electrical double layer has been employed in addition to the LPBE theory to develop a contact angle model that is a second-degree polynomial in pH. Our model contains the point of zero charge pH of solid surface. To render the model applicable to heterogeneous surfaces, we have further developed a model for the effective value of the point of zero charge pH. The point of zero charge pH model when integrated into our model enabled us to determine the point of zero charge pH of sandstone, quartz and mica using literature based experimental data. In this regard, a literature based thermodynamic model was used to calculate carbon dioxide solubility and pH of aqueous solution. Values of point of zero charge pH determined in this paper agree with reported ones. The novelty of our work stems from the fact that we have used the LPB theory in the context of interfacial science completely different from the classical approach, where the focus is on interparticle electrostatics involving colloidal stabilization.

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“…At a given pH of formation brine, surface ionizable groups of silica will dissociate to a degree that is determined by temperature and salinity, producing predominantly negative surface charge density and potential, assuming pH conditions (near neutral-Kharaka et al 32 typical of sine aquifers. As injected and dissolved carbon dioxide dissociate into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions 77 additional surface complexation based on hydrogen ion adsorption onto silica surface will proceed as: …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann theory to contact angle problems and application to the carbon dioxide–brine–solid systems

Amadu

Miadonye

2022

Sci Rep

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In colloidal science and bioelectrostatics, the linear Poisson Boltzmann equation (LPBE) has been used extensively for the calculation of potential and surface charge density. Its fundamental assumption rests on the premises of low surface potential. In the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers, very low pH conditions coupled with adsorption induced reduction of surface charge density result in low pH conditions that fit into the LPB theory. In this work, the Gouy–Chapman model of the electrical double layer has been employed in addition to the LPBE theory to develop a contact angle model that is a second-degree polynomial in pH. Our model contains the point of zero charge pH of solid surface. To render the model applicable to heterogeneous surfaces, we have further developed a model for the effective value of the point of zero charge pH. The point of zero charge pH model when integrated into our model enabled us to determine the point of zero charge pH of sandstone, quartz and mica using literature based experimental data. In this regard, a literature based thermodynamic model was used to calculate carbon dioxide solubility and pH of aqueous solution. Values of point of zero charge pH determined in this paper agree with reported ones. The novelty of our work stems from the fact that we have used the LPB theory in the context of interfacial science completely different from the classical approach, where the focus is on interparticle electrostatics involving colloidal stabilization.

show abstract

Potential for Mineral Carbonation of CO2 in Pleistocene Basaltic Rocks in Volos Region (Central Greece)

Cited by 17 publications

References 73 publications

Carbfix and Sulfix in Geothermal Production, and the Blue Lagoon in Iceland: Grindavík Urban Settlement, and Volcanic Activity

Carbfix and Sulfix in Geothermal Production, and the Blue Lagoon in Iceland: Grindavík Urban Settlement, and Volcanic Activity

Applicability of the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Theory to Contact Angle problems and Application to the Carbon Dioxide-Brine-Solid Systems

Applicability of the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann theory to contact angle problems and application to the carbon dioxide–brine–solid systems

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