Potential for local adaptation in response to an anthropogenic agent of selection: effects of road deicing salts on amphibian embryonic survival and development

Hopkins, Gareth R.; French, Susannah S.; Brodie, Edmund D.

doi:10.1111/eva.12016

Cited by 36 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…there may be more potential for population persistence in response to 2 versus 5 ppt salinity), and it is possible that simultaneous selection from multiple stressors may impact the ability for adaptation [55]. Despite these limitations, our results, combined with those of previous studies [46,62], clearly show an intriguing pattern of strong differences in the survival of individual females' offspring in response to salinity and temperature stress, which have the potential to be important for adaptation. While responses of populations and individuals to multiple environmental stressors are clearly complex, taking into account intrapopulation variation in response to multiple, interacting stressors has the potential to provide important insights into the abilities of populations and species to persist in the future [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Interacting stressors and the potential for adaptation in a changing world: responses of populations and individuals

2017

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To accurately predict the impact of environmental change, it is necessary to assay effects of key interacting stressors on vulnerable organisms, and the potential resiliency of their populations. Yet, for the most part, these critical data are missing. We examined the effects of two common abiotic stressors predicted to interact with climate change, salinity and temperature, on the embryonic survival and development of a model freshwater vertebrate, the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) from different populations. We found that salinity and temperature significantly interacted to affect newt embryonic survival and development, with the negative effects of salinity most pronounced at temperature extremes. We also found significant variation among, and especially within, populations, with different females varying in the performance of their eggs at different salinity–temperature combinations, possibly providing the raw material for future natural selection. Our results highlight the complex nature of predicting responses to climate change in space and time, and provide critical data towards that aim.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Interacting stressors and the potential for adaptation in a changing world: responses of populations and individuals

2017

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“…This population is truly salt-naïve [44], being highly philopatric to freshwater ponds that are separated by hundreds of meters from small county roads that are not salted (Kendal Weeks, Oregon Department of Transportation Road Maintenance, personal communication; Kent Mahler, Benton County Road Maintenance, personally communication). While MgCl 2 is widely used in Oregon as its exclusive deicer, it is also not applied to the nearest stretch of highway to these ponds, located over 4 km away (Kendal Weeks, Oregon Department of Transportation Road Maintenance, personal communication).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While MgCl 2 is widely used in Oregon as its exclusive deicer, it is also not applied to the nearest stretch of highway to these ponds, located over 4 km away (Kendal Weeks, Oregon Department of Transportation Road Maintenance, personal communication). See [44] for additional details on this habitat. Eggs from wild-caught females were randomized to one of six different salt treatments, made with laboratory grade NaCl (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), MgCl 2 (Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) and distilled water (Low NaCl, Low MgCl = 1.0 g/l Cl − ; Medium NaCl, Medium MgCl 2 = 1.5 g/l Cl − ; High NaCl, High MgCl 2 = 2.0 g/l Cl − ) and a control (20% Holtfreter's Solution = 0.7 g/l Cl − [45]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and Evolutionary History Affect Survival in Stressful Environments

2014

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The world is increasingly impacted by a variety of stressors that have the potential to differentially influence life history stages of organisms. Organisms have evolved to cope with some stressors, while with others they have little capacity. It is thus important to understand the effects of both developmental and evolutionary history on survival in stressful environments. We present evidence of the effects of both developmental and evolutionary history on survival of a freshwater vertebrate, the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) in an osmotically stressful environment. We compared the survival of larvae in either NaCl or MgCl2 that were exposed to salinity either as larvae only or as embryos as well. Embryonic exposure to salinity led to greater mortality of newt larvae than larval exposure alone, and this reduced survival probability was strongly linked to the carry-over effect of stunted embryonic growth in salts. Larval survival was also dependent on the type of salt (NaCl or MgCl2) the larvae were exposed to, and was lowest in MgCl2, a widely-used chemical deicer that, unlike NaCl, amphibian larvae do not have an evolutionary history of regulating at high levels. Both developmental and evolutionary history are critical factors in determining survival in this stressful environment, a pattern that may have widespread implications for the survival of animals increasingly impacted by substances with which they have little evolutionary history.

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“…The latter studies all demonstrated that amphibian larval survival was reduced by increases in salinity [78][79][80][81]. In fact, one study showed that for Rana temporaria, even the smallest increase in the salt concentration (500 mg/L) could cause tadpole mortality [81].…”

Section: Indirect Impacts Of Roads On Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Road Density and Pattern on the Conservation of Species and Biodiversity

Bennett

2017

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

129

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The development and presence of roads can reduce landscape permeability, lead to habitat loss, and increase habitat fragmentation. It is these fundamental changes in landscape structure that can have both direct and indirect impacts on the conservation of species and biodiversity. In this review, I examine 215 research studies conducted between 2011 and 2015 that explore the impacts of roads and road networks on a wide range of species. I divided these studies into four main categories: 1) the direct effects of roads on wildlife, 2) the indirect effects of roads on wildlife, 3) the consequences of road networks on wildlife populations, and 4) survey design and mitigation including both innovations and evaluations. I found that the majority of studies (38%) explored the indirect effects of roads on wildlife, including displacement, fitness consequences, and road crossing ability of wildlife. Nevertheless, despite there being a pressing need to understand how existing road networks impact wildlife and how increasing road density may influence local and regional population persistence, only 10% of the studies considered the implications of road networks on wildlife. However, there is an increasing trend towards the development of predictive models that can be used for a better understanding of road network impacts, assess landscape connectivity, and devise mitigation. This review also highlighted the continued need to devise and evaluate mitigation measures so transportation authorities and conservation practitioners may be better equipped to address the ecological implications of roads and proposed road development.

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Potential for local adaptation in response to an anthropogenic agent of selection: effects of road deicing salts on amphibian embryonic survival and development

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Interacting stressors and the potential for adaptation in a changing world: responses of populations and individuals

Interacting stressors and the potential for adaptation in a changing world: responses of populations and individuals

Developmental and Evolutionary History Affect Survival in Stressful Environments

Effects of Road Density and Pattern on the Conservation of Species and Biodiversity

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