Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in “hotspot” and “control” areas in Ghana: the importance of vectors

Pi-Bansa, Sellase; Osei, Joseph Harold Nyarko; Frempong, Kwadwo K.; Elhassan, Elizabeth; Akuoko, Osei K.; Agyemang, David; Ahorlu, Collins; Appawu, Maxwell A.; Koudou, Benjamin G.; Wilson, Michael D.; Souza, Dziedzom K. de; Dadzie, Samuel; Utzinger, Jürg; Boakye, Daniel

doi:10.1186/s40249-019-0520-1

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…In the Western region, Antseambua and Asemkow were selected from Ahanta West district, while Ampeasem and Obrayebona were selected from Mpohor district. A map showing the study districts has been published elsewhere [13]. These sites were selected based on lymphatic filariasis prevalence data stemming from monitoring activities by the Ghana National Neglected Tropical Disease Programme unit of the Ghana Health Service (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana

et al. 2019

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Mass drug administration (MDA) is the current mainstay to interrupt the transmission of lymphatic filariasis. To monitor whether MDA is effective and transmission of lymphatic filariasis indeed has been interrupted, rigorous surveillance is required. Assessment of transmission by programme managers is usually done via serology. New research suggests that xenomonitoring holds promise for determining the success of lymphatic filariasis interventions. The objective of this study was to assess Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes as a post-MDA surveillance tool using xenomonitoring. The study was carried out in four districts of Ghana; Ahanta West, Mpohor, Kassena Nankana West and Bongo. A suite of mosquito sampling methods was employed, including human landing collections, pyrethrum spray catches and window exit traps. Infection of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined using dissection, conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction and loop mediated isothermal amplification assays. Aedes, Anopheles coustani, An. gambiae, An. pharoensis, Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes were sampled in each of the four study districts. The dissected mosquitoes were positive for filarial infection using molecular assays. Dissected An. melas mosquitoes from Ahanta West district were the only species found positive for filarial parasites. We conclude that whilst samples extracted with Trizol reagent did not show any positives, molecular methods should still be considered for monitoring and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis transmission.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana

et al. 2019

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“…In the West African subregion, different geographical zones have been documented (de Souza et al, 2017). The south is characterized by wetlands, while the north is characterized by dry lands and sub-Sahelian climate (Pi-Bansa et al, 2019). In Ghana, the northern and the southern regions although both highly endemic for W. bancroftian infections, have distinct geographic characteristics in terms of land cover and climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation in Risk Factors of Lymphatic Filariasis in Hotspot Zones in Ghana

Kwarteng¹,

Andam-Akorful²,

Kwarteng³

et al. 2020

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Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a parasitic nematode infection, often resulting in disability poses huge economic burden to affected countries. To meet eradication deadlines in line with the global Neglected Tropical Diseases elimination and health system strengthening goals, novel strategies are needed to complement existing approaches. LF endemicity is localized and prevalence, spatially heterogeneous. Species distribution models (SDMs) can help identify subtle differences in risk factors that influences the transmission of LF in geographically distinct regions. Thus in this contribution, presence absence records of microfilaria (m)f in Ghana were stratified into Northern and Southern Zones and used to run SDMs, whilst climate, socioeconomic and land coverage variables provided explanation information. GLM (Generalized Linear model), GBM (Generalized Boosted Model), ANN (Artificial Neural Network), SRE (Surface Range Envelope), MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) and RF (Random Forests) algorithms were run for both study zones and also for the entire country for the purpose of comparison. Best model quality was obtained with RF and GBM algorithms with highest AUC between 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. The models predicted high suitable environments for LF transmission in the short grass savanna areas in the northern and along the coastal southern parts of Ghana. Mainly, land cover and socioeconomic variables such as, proximity to inland waterbodies and population density uniquely influenced LF transmission in the South while poor housing was a distinctive risk factors in the North. Precipitation, temperature, slope and poverty were common risk factors but with subtle variations in response values, which was confirmed by the countrywide model. This study has demonstrated that, an understanding of the geographic distinctness in risk factors is required to inform the development of area-specific transmission control systems towards LF elimination in Ghana and internationally.

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“…gambiae s.l. that is known as a major vector of W. bancrofti in West Africa [28,31]. The high abundance of mosquitoes in our study areas might be probably attributable to agricultural activities (e.g., rice growing), low use of bed long-lasting insecticidal nets LLINs distributed by the national malaria programme of Côte d'Ivoire, and local community behaviors.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 88%

Low transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in cross-border districts of Côte d’Ivoire: A great step towards lymphatic filariasis elimination in West Africa

et al. 2020

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Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is widely endemic in Cô te d'Ivoire, and elimination as public health problem (EPHP) is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) using ivermectin and albendazole. To guide EPHP efforts, we evaluated Wuchereria bancrofti infection indices among humans, and mosquito vectors after four rounds of MDA in four cross-border health districts of Cô te d'Ivoire. Methodology We monitored people and mosquitoes for W. bancrofti infections in the cross-border health districts of Aboisso, Blolé quin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou, Cô te d'Ivoire. W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (CFA) was identified using filariasis test strips, and antigen-positive individuals were screened for microfilaremia. Moreover, filarial mosquito vectors were sampled using window exit traps and pyrethrum sprays, and identified morphologically at species level. Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus females were analyzed for W. bancrofti infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Principal findings Overall, we found a substantial decline in W. bancrofti infection indices after four rounds of MDA compared to pre-MDA baseline data. CFA prevalence fell from 3.38-5.50% during pre-MDA to 0.00-1.53% after MDA interventions. No subjects had detectable levels of CFA in Ouangolodougou. Moreover, post-MDA CFA prevalence was very low, and below the 1%

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Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in “hotspot” and “control” areas in Ghana: the importance of vectors

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana

Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana

Spatial Variation in Risk Factors of Lymphatic Filariasis in Hotspot Zones in Ghana

Low transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in cross-border districts of Côte d’Ivoire: A great step towards lymphatic filariasis elimination in West Africa

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