Potential environmental risks associated with biofouling management in salmon aquaculture

Floerl, Oliver; Sunde, Leif Magne; Blöcher, Nina

doi:10.3354/aei00187

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The environmental impact of biofouling is also significant. Besides indirect repercussion from increased energy consumption necessary to e.g., overcome increased frictional drag and heat and mass transfer limitations (Schultz et al, 2011), biofouling organisms reduce water flow and increase biodeposition beneath aquaculture farms (Fitridge et al, 2012), and may be fish pathogens (Floerl et al, 2016). The strategies to prevent cell adhesion and biofilm formation usually involve the use of an antimicrobial/antiadhesion coating, release of a toxic agent such as metal ions at the surface or smart surfaces (de Carvalho and de Fonseca, 2007; de Carvalho, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Biofilms: A Successful Microbial Strategy With Economic Implications

2018

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Bacteria and other microorganisms have evolved an ingenious form of life, where they cooperate and improve their chances of survival when subjected to environmental stress, called biofilms. In these communities of adhered cells, bacteria are protected by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that provide protection against e.g., temperature and pH fluctuations, UV exposure, changes in salinity, depletion of nutrients, antimicrobial compounds, and predation. Their success in marine environments and the number of bacterial cells in the sea, allow them to colonize nearly all man-made surfaces in contact with seawater. The costs to maritime transport, aquaculture, oil and gas industries, desalination plants and other industries are significant which has led to the development of various strategies to prevent biofilm formation and cleaning of infected surfaces. In this review, the benefits for bacterial cells to live in biofilms and the consequences to human activities are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Biofilms: A Successful Microbial Strategy With Economic Implications

2018

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“…NIS may negatively interact with local biodiversity or cause risks and threats to human activities, generating high economic costs (e.g. farm cage cleaning in aquaculture sectors; Floerl et al 2016). In this regard, monitoring plans, as the one presented here, should be encouraged and promoted as a main solution to improve the management and regulation of introduced fauna in the Mediterranean region (Lehtiniemi et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…nets, mooring structures and polyvinyl finfish cage collars) provide novel suitable habitat for colonisation and settlement of a wide variety of marine organisms (Sarà et al 2007). Many NIS find easy housing among the encrusting benthic faunal communities, hereafter called biofouling or macrofouling (Molnar et al 2008, Nunes et al 2014, Floerl et al 2016, Katsanevakis et al 2016. Once again, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate and promote the distribution of NIS across these artificial surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of two non-indigenous serpulid tube worms in shaping artificial hard substrata communities: case study of a fish farm in the central Mediterranean Sea

Mangano¹,

Ape²,

Mirto³

2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Understanding the spread and establishment of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the primary areas of focus in bioinvasion science and is essential for generating appropriate management strategies in aquaculture. Here we investigated the role of 2 non-indigenous serpulid tube worms (Hydroides elegans and H. dirampha) in shaping the hard substrata communities around a fish farm in the Strait of Sicily over 1 yr (. The mean density values of serpulids were significantly different at each sampling time. The density of serpulids on submerged panels showed a peak in spring (March 2015, after 9 mo) and decreased drastically in summer (June 2015). Hydroides shaped the entire associated macrobenthic community, which showed the highest density in the first month of observations. The lowest density was recorded in proximity to the highest density of serpulids. Margalef's species richness of the associated macrofaunal community peaked at the end of monitoring (summer). Our results will add new insights into the role of aquaculture as a vector and pathway for NIS.

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“…The disposal of fouling organisms during cage cleaning results in a significant organic and nutrient input which may cause environmental drawbacks [16]. However, to date, pen net cleaning has not been thoroughly considered, even though the quantity of deposited biofouling may not be insignificant in comparison to annual feed and fecal emissions [17]. The accretion of fouling, normally during decades of production, may change the ecological conditions of the sediment, with potential effects on the biochemical process and benthic fauna.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mollusk Shell Debris Accumulation in the Seabed Derived from Coastal Fish Farming

Sánchez-Jérez

Krüger

Casado‐Coy

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Fish farm facilities become colonized by biofouling, and in situ cleaning activities may increase the accumulation of biofouling, mostly shell-hash, on the sediment. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of fish farming on this process. We evaluated the effect of fish farming on shell-hash accumulation on sediments in three fish farms in the Western Mediterranean in Spain. On the one hand, coverage of non-degraded shell on the seabed was estimated using an underwater camera attached to a frame of 1 × 1 m. On the other hand, superficial sediment samples were taken by a Van-Veen grab, and from a subsample, shell-hash was sorted at the laboratory, dried, and weighted. A significant increase of shells on sediment was detected under fish farms compared with the other treatments, with average values of 53 g kg-1, and 1.12% of cover. Shell-hash at zones close to the fish farm cages (Zone of Influence located between 40 to 60 m from the closest cage) did not show statistical differences compared to the reference zones, 300–500 m away from the concession limits, but the shell cover showed statistical differences. Fish farming activities produce a local increase in the sedimentation rate of shells under the cages. The derived ecological consequences of this accumulation need to be further studied.

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Potential environmental risks associated with biofouling management in salmon aquaculture

Cited by 52 publications

References 58 publications

Marine Biofilms: A Successful Microbial Strategy With Economic Implications

Marine Biofilms: A Successful Microbial Strategy With Economic Implications

The role of two non-indigenous serpulid tube worms in shaping artificial hard substrata communities: case study of a fish farm in the central Mediterranean Sea

Mollusk Shell Debris Accumulation in the Seabed Derived from Coastal Fish Farming

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