Potential Environmental Benefits of Ionophores in Ruminant Diets

Tedeschi, L. O.; Fox, D. G.; Tylutki, T. P.

doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1591

Cited by 190 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…On concentrate-based diets they can reduce CH 4 through a combination of reduced voluntary intake, reduced acetate production and the inhibition of H 2 release from formate (Goodrich et al, 1984;van Nevel and Demeyer, 1996;Tedeschi et al, 2003). Slow release delivery devices are available and used widely to control bloat in grazing cattle, making monensin a highly attractive mitigation agent.…”

Section: Feed Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and host effects on methanogenesis in the grazing ruminant

Clark

2013

Animal

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Concentrations of methane (CH 4 ) in the atmosphere have almost doubled since the mid 1700s, and it is estimated that ,30% of the global warming experienced by the planet in the last century and a half can be attributed to CH 4 . Between 25% and 40% of anthropogenic CH 4 , emissions are estimated to arise from livestock farming. Mitigating absolute emissions from livestock is extremely challenging technically and is made more difficult because of the need to increase food production to meet the demands of a burgeoning world population. Opportunities for manipulating the diet of intensively managed ruminant to reduce absolute CH 4 exist, but in grazing livestock the opportunities are constrained practically and economically. Mitigating emissions per unit of product is more tractable, especially in the short term. Although the formation of CH 4 is an anaerobic microbiological process, the host animal does seem to exert an influence, as animals differ in the quantity of CH 4 they emit when fed the same diet. The reasons for this are not yet clear, but evidence is accumulating that these differences are consistent and have a genetic basis. Exploiting these between animal differences by animal breeding is an attractive mitigation option as it is potentially applicable to all animals and is open to continuous improvement. However, identifying the desired phenotype poses severe practical constraints. Vaccinating the host animal to produce antibodies that can modulate the activities of the organisms responsible for CH 4 formation also presents a novel mitigation option.

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Section: Feed Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and host effects on methanogenesis in the grazing ruminant

Clark

2013

Animal

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“…This is in contrast to Spears (1990) who noted that the addition of monensin increased N digestibility in ruminants by between 2.6 and 3.8%. This effect has been attributed to a reduction in ruminal degradation of preformed protein and a reduction in MCP flowing to the lower gut (Tedeschi et al, 2003). Given that the C-bm3 = no monensin, bm3 hybrid; C-DP = no monensin, dual-purpose control hybrid; M-bm3 = 300 mg/ d monensin, bm3 hybrid; M-DP = 300 mg/d monensin, control dual-purpose hybrid.…”

Section: N Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Nitrogen Utilization and the Effects of Monensin in Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage

Gehman

Kononoff

Mullins

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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Twenty midlactation Holstein cows (4 ruminally fistulated) averaging 101 ± 34 d in milk and weighing 674 ± 77 kg were used to compare rations with brown midrib corn silage (bm3) to rations with dual-purpose control silage (DP) on N utilization and milk production. The effect of monensin in these rations was also examined. Animals were assigned to one of five 4 × 4 Latin squares with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. Cows were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each of the four 28-d periods. Treatments were 1) 0 mg/d monensin and bm3 corn silage, 2) 0 mg/d monensin and DP corn silage, 3) 300 mg/d monensin and bm3 corn silage, and 4) 300 mg/d monensin and DP corn silage. In vitro 30-h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was greater for bm3 corn silage (61.0 vs. 49.1 ± 0.62). Dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be greater for cows consuming bm3 corn silage (21.3 vs. 20.2 kg/d). Neither hybrid nor monensin affected milk production, fat, or protein (37.7 kg, 3.60%, or 3.04%). Monensin tended to increase rumen pH (5.89 vs. 5.79 ± 0.07) compared with the control treatment. In addition, bm3 corn silage resulted in a significant decrease in rumen pH (5.72 vs. 5.98 ± 0.07). Supplementing monensin had no effect on molar proportions of acetate, propionate, or butyrate. In contrast, an increase was observed in branched-chain volatile fatty acids. No treatment interactions were observed for rumen pH or molar proportion of propionate but monensin decreased the molar proportion of acetate and increased the molar proportion of butyrate when cattle consumed bm3 silage. Dry matter, N, and acid detergent fiber digestibility were lower for the bm3 ration, whereas NDF digestibility was not different between treatments. There was no effect of hybrid on Corresponding author: pkononoff2@unl.edu 288 microbial protein synthesis (1,140 g/d) as estimated by urinary concentration of purine derivatives. Cows consuming bm3 excreted more fecal N than cows consuming DP (38.2 vs. 34.4% N intake); however, based on spot sampling, estimated urinary and manure N were not different between treatments (35.8 and 71.9% N intake). Monensin had no effect on DMI, digestibility of any nutrients, or N metabolism, and there were no hybrid by monensin interactions. Rations including bm3 corn silage tended to increase DMI but did not affect production. The reduction in the digestibility of some nutrients when cows consumed bm3 may have been caused by increased DMI and possible increased digestion in the lower gut. This increase in DMI appeared to also have negatively affected N digestibility but not NDF digestibility. This resulted in a greater amount of N excreted in feces but did not affect total mass of manure N.

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“…In contrast, the NH3 production process mostly involves proteolytic bacteria and a group of bacteria called "hyper ammonia-producing bacteria" responsible of feed protein digestion and deamination of amino acids. The overproduction of ruminal NH3 causes large amounts of NH3 and urea to be excreted with urine; it contributes to ground water pollution and GHG by nitrous oxide emission [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effects of Mitigation on Methane and Ammonia Production by Using Origanum vulgare L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation Systems

Cobellis

Petrozzi²,

Forte

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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Abstract:The effects of increasing concentrations of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essentials oil (EO) on ruminal gas emissions were tested in vitro using 50 mL serum bottles. Each bottle contained a 200 mg substrate (alfalfa hay and corn meal 1:1) and a 20 mL solution composed of a buffered medium and rumen fluid (1:2). The percentage of ruminal fermentation products was quantified by an infrared analyzer. The reduction of total gas production was 6% and 9% respectively when using the 1.5 and 2.0 g/L oregano EO measurements. The reduction of methane production was 55%, 72% and 71% respectively with regard to the 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/L oregano EO doses, while rosemary EO (2.0 g/L) reduced the methane production by 9%. The production of ammonia was significantly reduced (59%-78%) by all treatments with the exception of OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 12857 rosemary EO at the lowest dose. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber degradability was reduced by most of the treatments (respectively 4%-9% and 8%-24%). The total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was markedly decreased by oregano EO and was not affected by rosemary EO. Both EOs mitigated rumen fermentations, but oregano EO gave rise to the highest reduction in methane and ammonia production. However, further research is needed to evaluate the use of these essential oils as dietary supplements by taking into account the negative effects on feed degradability.

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Potential Environmental Benefits of Ionophores in Ruminant Diets

Cited by 190 publications

References 99 publications

Nutritional and host effects on methanogenesis in the grazing ruminant

Nutritional and host effects on methanogenesis in the grazing ruminant

Evaluation of Nitrogen Utilization and the Effects of Monensin in Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage

Evaluation of the Effects of Mitigation on Methane and Ammonia Production by Using Origanum vulgare L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation Systems

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