Potential effects of particulate matter from combustion during services on human health and on works of art in medieval churches in Cyprus

Loupa, Glykeria; Karageorgos, Evangelos; Rapsomanikis, S.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.005

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this study some of the measured PM 2.5 concentrations, which were based on 4-h sampling, were higher than the 24-h WHO guideline and USEPA standard concentrations; whereas all except one were lower than the 1-h guideline (Table 3). The measured concentrations in the mosque were higher than the concentrations measured in churches during conventional services, but they were lower than those measured during services with incense burning (Weber, 2006;Loupa et al, 2010). Some of the concentrations measured in this study were at comparable levels to those measured in schools where they are elevated primarily due to resuspension of deposited particles as the result of intense movements of the children.…”

Section: Pm 25 Mass Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The increase in the mean concentrations was associated with students walking in and out at the beginning and the end of the lectures (Alshitawi and Awbi, 2011). Loupa et al (2010) related increases in indoor concentrations in a church for d p > 1 mm compared to outdoor levels to the presence of visitors or cleaning activity. Data collected in residences showed that concentration increases in d p > 1e2 mm were associated with cooking, cleaning, and movement of people (Abt et al, 2000b).…”

Section: Particle Number Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Particle number concentrations measured in two churches (Loupa et al, 2010) remained under 300 cm À3 and 0.4 cm À3 for 0.3e2 mm and 2e10 mm size ranges, respectively, unless candles were burnt during services. Average concentrations of PM 0.3e1 measured in a church were 11,000 cm À3 and 1900 cm À3 during services with and without incense burning, respectively (Weber, 2006).…”

Section: Particle Number Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Only occupant comfort issues were studied (Al-Homoud et al, 2009;Al-Ajmi, 2010). IAQ in places of worship was a subject of investigations for temples in Asia (Fang et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2007) and churches (de Santis et al, 1996;de Kok et al, 2004;Weber, 2006;Loupa et al, 2010) The ratio increased for larger particles reaching up to w10 times the background for 7e8 mm, and w12 for 10 mm. Because this increase in the ratio was also observed during service with incense burning, the increase in d p > 2 mm particles were attributed to resuspension of deposited particle by the movements of worshippers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because this increase in the ratio was also observed during service with incense burning, the increase in d p > 2 mm particles were attributed to resuspension of deposited particle by the movements of worshippers. Loupa et al (2010) The aim of this study was to investigate particle number, mass (PM 2.5 ), and CO 2 concentrations in a rural mosque located away from major sources before, during, and after prayer as a function of cleaning schedule and occupancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to particulate matter in a mosque

Ocak¹,

Kılıçvuran²,

Eren³

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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a b s t r a c tIndoor air quality in mosques during prayers may be of concern for sensitive/susceptible sub-groups of the population. However, no indoor air pollutant levels of potentially toxic agents in mosques have been reported in the literature. This study measured PM concentrations in a mosque on Friday when the mid-day prayer always receives high attendance. Particle number and CO 2 concentrations were measured on nine sampling days in three different campaigns before, during, and after prayer under three different cleaning schedules: vacuuming a week before, a day before, and on the morning of the prayer. In addition, daily PM 2.5 concentrations were measured. Number concentrations in 0.5e1.0, 1.0e5.0, and > 5.0 mm diameter size ranges were monitored. In all campaigns the maximum number concentrations were observed on the most crowded days. The lowest number concentrations occurred when vacuuming was performed a day before the prayer day in two of the three size ranges considered. PM 2.5 concentrations (four-hour samples that integrated before, during, and after the prayer) were comparable to the other indoor environments reported in the literature. CO 2 concentrations suggested that ventilation was not sufficient in the mosque during the prayers. The results showed that better ventilation, a preventive cleaning strategy, and a more detailed study are needed.

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Section: Pm 25 Mass Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Particle Number Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Particle Number Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exposure to particulate matter in a mosque

Ocak¹,

Kılıçvuran²,

Eren³

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals in mosque’s carpet dust of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and their health risk implications

El‐Mubarak

Rushdi

Al-Mutlaq

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The main objectives of this work were to identify and determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals in carpet dust samples from various mosques of the city of Riyadh and to assess the health risks associated with the exposure to these pollutants. Therefore, 31 samples of mosque's carpet dust from Riyadh were collected. The results showed that 14 PAHs were present in the dust samples with concentrations ranged from 90 to 22,146 ng g (mean = 4096 ± 4277 ng g) where low molecular weight compounds were dominant. The presence of PAHs were in the order of naphthalene > chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene > benzo(a)pyrene > acenaphthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene > pyrene and the absence of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. The diagnostic ratio coupled with principle component analysis (PCA) revealed mix sources of petrogenic from traffic, stack emission, and pyrogenic inputs from essence and perfumed wood burning. Trace metals were significant in the dust samples, and their concentrations decrease in the order of Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and V where Zn being the highest (94.4 ± 91.5 μg g) and indium was the lowest (1.9 ± 9.3 μg g). The trace metals were major in southern and central parts of Riyadh and followed the order of central Riyadh > southern Riyadh > western Riyadh > eastern Riyadh > northern Riyadh. Estimated risk based on the total PAHs was found to be 4.30 × 10 for adult and 1.56 × 10 for children. Elemental non-cancer risk for adults ranged from 7.9 × 10 for Co to 7.58 × 10 for Li and for children ranged from 3.70 × 10 for Co to 3.54 for Li. Policy implication and mitigations of PAHs in Riyadh and Saudi Arabia were highlighted.

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