Potential effects of climate change on marine growth and survival of Fraser River sockeye salmon

Healey, M. C.; Thornson, Keith A.; Hourston, Roy A. S.; Henderson, Michael A.; Juanes, Francis

doi:10.1139/f95-854

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Metabolic costs decline when water is cooler, resulting in faster growth, especially when coupled with an increase in food availability (Farley et al 2011;Siddon et al 2013). In contrast, warmer sea surface temperature (i.e., positive PDO) increases metabolic costs and, coupled with lower food availability, may decrease body sizes of returning salmon (Hinch et al 1995). During the 1980s when PDO was positive and NPGO relatively negative, chum scale growth tended to be reduced.…”

Section: Trends In Growth Biomass and Climate Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Thirty-nine years of scale growth measurements from Big Qualicum River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in southern British Columbia demonstrated that competition and climate variation affect marine growth and age-at-maturity. A longitudinal study design that accounted for correlation among individuals revealed growth at all ages was reduced when the biomass of North American chum, sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was high. When North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) was positive, indicating increased primary productivity, predicted growth increased. Climate variation influenced competition effects. For instance, density-dependent competition effects increased when NPGO became more positive and Pacific Decadal Oscillation became more negative (indicating cool conditions), causing the greatest range in predicted scale size. Chum salmon are likely to exhibit continued reduction in growth at age due to increased ocean temperatures driven by climate change and high aggregate salmon biomass that includes hatchery releases. If evidence of biomass and climate effects presented here are common among Pacific salmon populations, reduction of hatchery releases should be considered. Résumé :Des mesures sur 39 ans de la croissance des écailles de saumons kétas (Oncorhynchus keta) de la Grande rivière Qualicum, dans le sud de la Colombie-Britannique, démontrent que la concurrence et les variations climatiques ont une incidence sur la croissance en mer et l'âge à la maturité. Un plan d'étude longitudinale qui tient compte de la corrélation entre individus révèle que la croissance à tous les âges est plus faible quand la biomasse des saumons kétas, sockeyes (Oncorhynchus nerka) et roses (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) d'Amérique du Nord est élevée. Quand l'oscillation du tourbillon nord-pacifique (OTPN) est positive, indiquant une productivité primaire accrue, la croissance prédite augmente. Les variations du climat ont également une incidence sur ces effets de concurrence. Les effets de la concurrence dépendant de la densité augmentent quand l'OTPN devient plus positive et l'oscillation décennale du Pacifique, plus négative (indiquant des conditions fraîches), ce qui produit la plus grande fourchette de tailles d'écailles prédites. Il est probable que les saumons kétas continueront de présenter une diminution de la croissance selon l'âge en raison de la hausse des températures océaniques causée par les changements climatiques et de la forte biomasse totale de saumons incluant les individus issus d'écloseries. Si les indices d'effets de la biomasse et du climat relevés dans la présente étude s'avéraient répandus dans les populations de saumons du Pacifique, il serait pertinent d'examiner la possibilité de réduire les lâchers de poissons issus d'écloseries. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Trends In Growth Biomass and Climate Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Temperature could influence salmon production off the Pacific Northwest (Cole & Villacastin 2000), because it can regulate salmon growth rate (Hinch et al 1995) and mortality (Friedland 1998). Sea surface temperature can delineate a sharp distributional boundary for salmon (Welch et al 1998, Hinke et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the pelagic habitat of salmon off the Pacific Northwest (USA) coast using logistic regression

Bi¹,

Ruppel²,

Peterson³

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Defining marine habitat use for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is important for effective resource management because salmon production has been linked to ocean conditions in the Northeast Pacific. Towards that goal, Chinook O. tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch populations were sampled off Washington and Oregon, USA, in June 1998 to 2005 along with habitat variables including temperature, salinity, water depth, and chlorophyll a concentration. Correlation analysis and stepwise logistic regressions were run to identify the physical and biological factors that predict the presence of Chinook and coho salmon. Low zero-catch probability was used to indicate used habitat. For all life history stages, zero-catch probability decreased with increased chlorophyll concentration and decreased depth. Temperature was a significant predictor variable for subyearling Chinook and yearling coho presence based on stepwise logistic regression. The size of used habitat showed large spatial and temporal variations, where more used habitat occurred off Washington and the Columbia River mouth than off Oregon. This pattern may relate to a wider shelf and greater primary production to the north. The largest amount of used habitat occurred in 2000 and 2003 for all 5 life history stages examined. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite images indicated high chlorophyll concentration in that period.

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“…During this time, the majority of somatic and gonadal growth occurs, and the energy reserves essential for successful migrations from ocean habitats to natal freshwater spawning sites are accumulated. Contemporary changes in marine conditions that affect primary productivity, food supply, or the availability and extent of suitable habitats may, therefore, affect both growth and maturation rates of salmon (Hinch et al 1995, Roy et al 2004, Snover et al 2005, and their spatial distributions in the coastal ocean (Brodeur et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent habitat use by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the coastal ocean

Hinke

Foley²,

Wilson³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We used temperature and depth data from 25 archival tags carried by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at sea to explore whether and how these fish alter their patterns of habitat use in response to variable oceanographic conditions off the coasts of Oregon and California. The Chinook salmon persistently used a narrow range of thermal habitats (8 to 12°C) during all months of the year, irrespective of location, time or year of release. In general, individuals appeared to adjust their vertical position in the water column to maintain this persistent thermal experience. There was noticeable individual and seasonal variation in the depths used, with the deepest habitats being used during winter. The patterns of depth use were related to the annual cycles of surface temperatures and surface productivity. Chinook salmon synchronously responded to anonymously warm surface temperatures in August 2003 by using relatively deeper habitats. Declines in surface productivity during autumn were accompanied by an apparent switch from relatively shallow habitats, to deeper, presumably benthic, habitats. The persistent use of a narrow range of temperatures suggests that variation in oceanographic conditions do not necessarily correspond to variation in the temperatures that Chinook salmon use. The effects of environmental variability on their growth and maturation in the California Current may, therefore, be relatively independent of temperature-mediated physiological responses. Rather, it seems relatively more important to understand how variable ocean conditions affect the food-web topology in the thermal habitats that Chinook salmon use.

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Potential effects of climate change on marine growth and survival of Fraser River sockeye salmon

Cited by 62 publications

References 15 publications

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Modeling the pelagic habitat of salmon off the Pacific Northwest (USA) coast using logistic regression

Persistent habitat use by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the coastal ocean

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