Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Iraqi Soils: Case Studies

Al-Heety, Emad A.; Saod, Wahran M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18641-8_6

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They found that the mean value of E r i for Cd in soils of Baghdad, Duhok, Basrah, Erbil, and Fallujah cities are classified as severe, severe, heavy, heavy, and light potential ecological risks, respectively. The mean value of E r i for Ni and Zn in the soil samples of the current study is more than that reported earlier [43]. The light potential ecological risk for Cu, Cr, and Pb in the soils of the study area is consistent with that inferred previously [43].…”

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The mean value of E r i for Ni and Zn in the soil samples of the current study is more than that reported earlier [43]. The light potential ecological risk for Cu, Cr, and Pb in the soils of the study area is consistent with that inferred previously [43]. The high values of E r i for Ni, Co, and Zn depend on their concentrations, while the E r i for Cd depends on its toxic response factor and concentration.…”

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…There is a relation between the IR value and the type, concentration, and toxicity of the HM, while the lower RI reflects a lower content of the HM and slight toxicity [44]. The obtained RI value for the urban soils in Ramadi City was higher than that reported previously [43] for soils in Baghdad. The high RI value in the urban soils of Ramadi City can be attributed to the anthropogenic activities, such as emissions from the power generators, traffic emissions, atmospheric deposition, and other human activities.…”

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…The descriptive statistics results of E r i and RI of HMs in urban soils of Ramadi City are listed in Table Al-Heety and Saod [43] calculated E r i of different HMs in the urban soils for several Iraqi cities. They found that the mean value of E r i for Cd in soils of Baghdad, Duhok, Basrah, Erbil, and Fallujah cities are classified as severe, severe, heavy, heavy, and light potential ecological risks, respectively.…”

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils Adjacent to Electrical Generators in Ramadi City, Iraq

Al-Heety

Hasan

Al-Heety

2021

eijs

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This study aims to evaluate the concentration of the heavy metals (Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and their ecological risk in soils adjacent to the power generators of Ramadi city, Iraq. The soil samples were collected from a depth of 20cm. The obtained results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) are ranked as in the following order: Cr (360.90mg/kg) > Ni (283.65mg/kg) > Zn (190.96mg/kg) > Pb (130.75 mg/kg) > Cu (36.54 mg/kg) > Co (16.62 mg/kg) > Cd (2.55 mg/kg). The mean values of HMs concentration exceed the international guidelines. The result of correlation matrix analysis at P £ 0.05 showed significant correlations between the concentrations of HMs. These correlations are interpreted in the context of a common source of pollution and/or common origin. Results of the potential ecological risk factor assessment of metal i (Eir) in soil adjacent to the power generators of Ramadi city showed that the Eir values take the following descending order: Ni (354.56, very severe) > Cd (255.31, severe) , Co (207.77, severe) > Zn (88.69, heavy) > Cu (25.73, light) > Cr (17.43, light) > Pb (12.0, light). The potential ecological risk index (RI) values are classified as severe ecological risk for all studied heavy metals. This study provides the environmental protection managers and decision-makers with important information about the risk of using electrical generators in residential neighborhoods.

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Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils Adjacent to Electrical Generators in Ramadi City, Iraq

Al-Heety

Hasan

Al-Heety

2021

eijs

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Assessment of heavy metal pollution of plants grown adjacent to power generators in Ramadi city

Al-Heety

Hasan

Al-Heety

2021

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Tree leaves are a useful tool for environmental quality monitoring and heavy metal soil pollution assessment. This study aimed to assess the possibility of heavy metals’ accumulation in the leaves of urban plants as a biological indicator of soil pollution. The plant leaf and soil samples were collected from 51 sites adjacent to power generators in Ramadi-Iraq. Six common plant species, namely, Albizia lebbeck, Conocarpus lancifolius, Dodonaea viscosa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ficus microcarpa, and Ziziphus spina-christi were selected. The highest heavy metal content was found in Conocarpus viscosa leaves followed by Dodonaea viscosa . These two plants have a significant difference (p<0.05) in the heavy metal content compared to other plants. The total average of plant heavy metal concentration was as follows: Mn (45.23), Cu (12.49), Ni (7.55), Pb (6.49), Cr (6.37), Co (2.04), Cd (0.57) mg per kg. Concentrations of heavy metals in leaves have the trend as Mn> Cu> Ni> Pb> Cr> Co> Cd, whereas, the heavy metal bioaccumulation factor (ACF) in plants follows by the order: Zn> Cu> Cd> Mn> Co> Pb> Ni> Cr. A high concentration of cobalt, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead are found in the plant leaves compared to the Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) permissible values. This supports the claim that the leaves of the plant can be used as a good indicator of heavy metal accumulation.

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Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Iraqi Soils: Case Studies

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils Adjacent to Electrical Generators in Ramadi City, Iraq

Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils Adjacent to Electrical Generators in Ramadi City, Iraq

Assessment of heavy metal pollution of plants grown adjacent to power generators in Ramadi city

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