Potential Development Ability of Residual Zoites, a Second-Generation Meront, Inducing Long-Term Infection by the Mouse Eimerian Parasite, Eimeria krijgsmanni

Abstract

Purpose Coccidiosis caused by eimerian parasites results in lethal watery or bloody diarrhea in hosts, and markedly impairs the growth of and feed utilization by host animals. We previously investigated detailed the life cycle of Eimeria krijgsmanni as a mouse eimerian parasite. Only second-generation meronts, as an asexual stage, were morphologically detected in the epithelium of the host cecum for at least 8 weeks after infection, even though oocyst shedding finished approximately 3 weeks after infection. The presence of zoites was of interest because infection by eimerian parasites is considered to be self-limited after their patent period. Methods To clarify the significance of residual second-generation meronts in E. krijgsmanni infection, we performed infection experiments using immunocompetent mice under artificial immunosuppression and congenital immunodeficient mice. Results The number of oocysts discharged and the duration of oocyst discharge both increased in immunosuppressed mice. In immunodeficient mice, numerous oocysts were shed over a markedly longer period, and oocyst discharge did not finish until 56 days after inoculation. Conclusions The present results suggest that the second-generation meronts survived in the epithelial cells of the cecum after the patent period, thereby contributing to extended infection as an asexual stage. The results obtained on E. krijgsmanni indicate that infections by Eimeria spp. are not self-limited and potentially continue for a long period of time.