Potential dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos in Australian pesticide workers

Cattani, Marcus

doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(01)00027-8

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Lognormal probability plots of concentrations of chlorpyrifos for all samples of 3 samplings are presented in Fig. 2 Although it was difficult to compare directly with previous studies on airborne exposure to chlorpyrifos in pesticide applicators, these levels were generally higher than the results of previous studies 19,20) . Since 2 samples at hopper filling exceeded 1 mg/m 3 and one of these was 12.90 mg/m 3 , 64.5 times the KOEL, inhalation hazards were apparent in this process.…”

Section: Phoratementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Also, since dermal absorption is quite important for many OPs 19) , dermal absorption assessment should have included for total exposure to OPs. Airborne concentrations of OPs in the OPs manufacturing/formulation workplaces were, however, first of all, needed to revise the values of chlorpyrifos, EPN, parathion, and phorate of KOEL, dermal exposure to OPs was not measured in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a number of studies on exposure to OPs, but most subjects selected for the previous studies were farmers 5,[14][15][16][17] , applicators [18][19][20] , children living in households with farm workers, or the general residential population [21][22][23] . Since few studies on exposure to OPs in pesticide manufacturing/formulation workers have been reported, little is known about OP exposure among these workers, and even less is known about airborne concentrations in the workplace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Concentrations of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korean Pesticide Manufacturing/Formulation Workplaces

Han¹

2011

Ind Health

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Pesticide manufacturing/formulation workers rather than farmers or applicators or people living with them are primarily exposed to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). However, airborne concentrations in the workplace have rarely been determined. A total of 121 air samples (personal or area sampling) were collected at 4 factories where chlorpyrifos, EPN, parathion, and phorate, were manufactured/formulated from March through July, 2007-2008. Samples were collected by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method and were analyzed by GC-MS. The geometric mean (GM) level of airborne chlorpyrifos was 0.17 mg/m 3 , 85% Korean Occupational Exposure Limit (KOEL) of 0.2 mg/m 3 , and at 95% confidence, airborne concentrations exceeded the KOEL 58.8% of the time or less, indicating that this concentration level was unacceptable according to exposure assessment using a LogNorm2 ® . However, compared with levels of TLV and/or PEL and/or WEL, the GM concentration levels of other OPs were remarkably low (range, 0.1-15.0%) and that these levels of concentrations to the other OPs were acceptable. The levels of airborne concentrations of OPs depended on isolation of the process; in other words, the levels depended on the extent to which the process was automated. The reason that the airborne concentration levels, except for those of chlorpyrifos, were very much lower than expected may be attributable to the fact that there was not exposed to 100% toxic active ingredients in pesticide formulation workplaces because of the use of supplemental agents or additives to produce complete pesticides. This study is limited since there were seldom or neither any data of previous studies to be compared with the study results nor dermal exposure data. The results were used to revise KOELs for OPs in 2010.

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Section: Phoratementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Concentrations of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korean Pesticide Manufacturing/Formulation Workplaces

Han¹

2011

Ind Health

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“…A camada de roupa externa representa a vestimenta de trabalho, e a camada de roupa interna representa a pele do indivíduo 4,15,19,21,22,31,32,33,36,38 . Qualquer outro equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) recomendado durante o manuseio do produto é utilizado acima da roupa de amostragem, possibilitando também uma avaliação da eficiência do EPI 22, 33 .…”

Section: Metodologias De Dosimetria Passiva (Via Dérmica)unclassified

Proteção da saúde de trabalhadores rurais: a necessidade de padronização das metodologias de quantificação da exposição dérmica a agrotóxicos

Selmi

Trapé

2014

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Proteção da saúde de trabalhadores rurais: a necessidade de padronização das metodologias de quantificação da exposição dérmica a agrotóxicos Health protection for rural workers: the need to standardize techniques for quantifying dermal exposure to pesticides La protección de la salud de los trabajadores rurales: la necesidad de estandarización de las metodologías de cuantificación de la exposición cutánea a los pesticidas

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“…So the protective gloves, instead of reducing the exposure, in fact are rather a source of additional exposure. Lots of studies showed that, in practice, personal protective equipment is often not as effective as it should be as a risk reduction measure [13,14] and can in some cases actually increase the risk. The reasons why gloves are not the effective protection can be: the selection of completely wrong type of gloves: cotton gloves with a leather palm (such gloves were worn by some of the study participants) provides no protection against chemicals and may actually increase exposure as the chemical tends to be held in contact with the skin [15].…”

Section: Assessment Of the Dermal Exposure To Azoxystrobin O R I G I mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the dermal exposure to azoxystrobin among women tending cucumbers in selected Polish greenhouses after restricted entry intervals expired — the role of the protective gloves

Jurewicz¹,

Hanke²,

Sobala³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The purpose of our study was to determine the level of skin contamination by azoxystrobin in a group of women tending cucumbers in a vegetable-growing greenhouse after restricted entry intervals expired. Methods: Exposure samples were assessed on two days during the spring: first entry on the day after spraying of azoxystrobin and second entry six days later. Dermal exposure was measured by using patches on the outside of clothing and sampling gloves underneath regular working gloves. Pesticide deposited on clothing patches and gloves as a substitute for skin deposition was determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The study has shown that workers in a Polish greenhouse are exposed to pesticides at re-entry into the greenhouse after pesticides were sprayed several days earlier. Azoxystrobin has been detected on hands, shoulders and chest. Higher levels of azoxystrobin were found on the cotton gloves of women tending the vegetables than on the patches. The levels decreased (by about 60%) on the patches and increased (by about 250%) on the cotton gloves between the two days of measurement. Conclusions: Women working in a vegetable-growing greenhouse and not directly engaged in the process of spraying experience a measurable dermal exposure to azoxystrobin. The protective gloves constitute a source of secondary exposure rather than protecting employees' hands from contact with the pesticide. More efficient personal protective gloves for proper protection of women working in vegetable greenhouses are needed.

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Potential dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos in Australian pesticide workers

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Airborne Concentrations of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korean Pesticide Manufacturing/Formulation Workplaces

Airborne Concentrations of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korean Pesticide Manufacturing/Formulation Workplaces

Proteção da saúde de trabalhadores rurais: a necessidade de padronização das metodologias de quantificação da exposição dérmica a agrotóxicos

Assessment of the dermal exposure to azoxystrobin among women tending cucumbers in selected Polish greenhouses after restricted entry intervals expired — the role of the protective gloves

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