Potential dependent structure transitions of heptyl viologen layers on Cu(100) studied by in situ STM and IRRAS

Röefzaad, Melanie; Jiang, Min; Zamlynny, Vlad; Wandelt, K.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.07.006

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…6c). Such behavior of alkyl substituents in ordered monolayers has been previously suggested for alkyl derivatives of different organic molecules, for example: viologen [40] and perylene diimides [41].…”

Section: P-c8-p-c12supporting

confidence: 52%

Self-assembly of tetraalkoxydinaphthophenazines in monolayers on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy

et al. 2015

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Section: P-c8-p-c12supporting

confidence: 52%

Self-assembly of tetraalkoxydinaphthophenazines in monolayers on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy

et al. 2015

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“…Although generally highly developed,1 molecular self‐assembly at the solid–liquid interface still faces several challenges, in particular related to reaching into the third dimension. To the best of our knowledge, adaptable surface‐based supramolecular architectures perpendicular to the surface have been only achieved thus far by the use of multiple building blocks or tectons,2a–f or by charge reversal of the substrate through anion adsorption 2g. In this paper, we present a system based on an organic salt (polyaromatic cation+ perchlorate anion) whose rich supramolecular features allow us to do exactly that with a single compound and an unmodified substrate: by tuning the electrochemical potential, we can assemble the tectons into a porous structure, stretch these pores to accommodate another molecule as a guest, or stack them into an ordered bilayer in a controlled manner.…”

Section: Substrate Charge Compensation By Pqp+ Adlayers (Bl=bilayer)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing, Then Stacking: From Breathing Pores to Three‐Dimensional Ionic Self‐Assembly under Electrochemical Control

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate the spontaneous and reversible transition between the two- and three-dimensional self-assembly of a supramolecular system at the solid-liquid interface under electrochemical conditions, using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. By tuning the interfacial potential, we can selectively organize our target molecules in an open porous pattern, fill these pores to form an auto-host-guest structure, or stack the building blocks in a stratified bilayer. Using a simple electrostatic model, we rationalize which charge density is required to enable bilayer formation, and conversely, which molecular size/charge ratio is necessary in the design of new building blocks. Our results may lead to a new class of electrochemically controlled dynamic host-guest systems, artificial receptors, and smart materials.

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“…As mentioned above and shown in Fig. 8 the stripes are aligned parallel to the directions of step edges; these directions coincide with the close-packed chloride rows underneath, and, hence, the directions of the Cu(111) substrate (see [ 14 ] and papers cited therein). The higher resolution STM image in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Molecular ordering at electrified interfaces: Template and potential effects

Phan¹,

Wandelt²

2014

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryA combination of cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy was employed to examine the adsorption and phase transition of 1,1’-dibenzyl-4,4’-bipyridinium molecules (abbreviated as DBV2+) on a chloride-modified Cu(111) electrode surface. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the Cu(111) electrode exposed to a mixture of 10 mM HCl and 0.1 mM DBVCl2 shows three distinguishable pairs of current waves P1/P’1, P2/P’2, and P3/P’3 which are assigned to two reversible electron transfer steps, representing the reduction of the dicationic DBV2+ to the corresponding radical monocationic DBV+• (P1/P’1) and then to the uncharged DBV0 (P3/P’3) species, respectively, as well as the chloride desorption/readsorption processes (P2/P’2). At positive potentials (i.e., above P1) the DBV2+ molecules spontaneously adsorb and form a highly ordered phase on the c(p × √3)-precovered Cl/Cu(111) electrode surface. A key element of this DBV2+ adlayer is an assembly of two individual DBV2+ species which, lined up, forms a so-called “herring-bone” structure. Upon lowering the electrode potential the first electron transfer step (at P1) causes a phase transition from the DBV2+-related herring-bone phase to the so-called "alternating stripe" pattern built up by the DBV+• species following a nucleation and growth mechanism. Comparison of both observed structures with those found earlier at different electrode potentials on a c(2 × 2)Cl-precovered Cu(100) electrode surface enables a clear assessment of the relative importance of adsorbate–substrate and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions, i.e., template vs self-assembly effects, in the structure formation process of DBV cations on these modified Cu electrode surfaces.

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Potential dependent structure transitions of heptyl viologen layers on Cu(100) studied by in situ STM and IRRAS

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Self-assembly of tetraalkoxydinaphthophenazines in monolayers on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy

Self-assembly of tetraalkoxydinaphthophenazines in monolayers on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy

Squeezing, Then Stacking: From Breathing Pores to Three‐Dimensional Ionic Self‐Assembly under Electrochemical Control

Molecular ordering at electrified interfaces: Template and potential effects

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