Potential cytotoxic effect of Anilofos by using Allium cepa assay

Özkara, Arzu; Akyıl, Dilek; Eren, Yasin; Erdoğmuş, Sevim Feyza

doi:10.1007/s10616-014-9716-1

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The observed MI of roots was lower at 0.13, 0.26, 0.39 and 0.52 g/L malathion treatment in comparison to control. The inhibition based on concentration for MI described the cytotoxicity of malathion in A. cepa L. Similar effects on mitotic activities were reported in many studies 12,48,49 and it has been attributed by the interference of insecticides in the normal cell cycle leading to decrease in the number of dividing cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model

Srivastava

Singh

2020

Sci Rep

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The current study was emphasized to assess the effect of malathion on root system (cell division and kinetics of the root elongation) and stress related parameters in Allium cepa L. the roots were exposed to different concentrations (0.05, 0.13, 0.26, 0.39 and 0.52 g/L) of malathion for different treatment periods (4, 8 and 18 h). The results revealed that malathion application affected the growth rate and cell division in root tips. The root elongation kinetics were impaired at 0.13 to 0.52 g/L concentrations. Reduction in tissue water content (TWC) indicated the limited osmotic adjustment due to membrane damage. Further, a decrease in sucrose content was observed in contrast to the accumulation of proline (upto 0.39 g/L). Moreover, malathion exposure elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation followed by changes in antioxidant enzymes status. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were down-regulated whereas the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were up-regulated except in 0.52 g/L malathion. The molecular docking study of malathion with CAT, GST, SOD, APX and GR also supported of above results for their activity. All these physiological responses varied with increasing malathion concentration and duration of treatment. the single cell gel electrophoresis results showed that all concentrations of malathion induced DNA damage in root cells. The findings depicted that malathion application induces cytotoxic and phytotoxic effects mediated through oxidative stress and subsequent injuries.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model

Srivastava

Singh

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Rank and Nielson 13 reported that there was a 82% correlation between carcinogenic tests performed with rodents and A. cepa. Özkara et al 14 stated that A. cepa test is a reliable and well known test in the determination of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity and correlates well with the results obtained from eukaryotic test systems. A. cepa has a diploid genome (2n = 16) with a monocentric chromosome.…”

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confidence: 76%

The Potential Risk Assessment of Phenoxyethanol with a Versatile Model System

Akgündüz

Çavuşoğlu

Yalçın

2020

Sci Rep

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In this study, the toxic effects of phenoxyethanol (Phy-Et), which is widely used in cosmetic industry, has been investigated with Allium test by means of physiological, cytogenetic, anatomical and biochemical parameters. To determine the changes in physiological reactions weight gain, relative injury rate, germination percentage and root length were investigated. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathion and catalase levels were analyzed as biochemical parameters for determining the presence of oxidative stress. Mitotic index, micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequencies were studied as cytogenetic evaluation and the anatomical changes in root tip cells were investigated by cross sections. Changes in surface polarity and wettability were investigated by taking contact angle measurements of pressed root preparations. The mechanism of toxicity has been tried to be explained by these contact angles and this is the first study using contact angle measurements in toxicity tests. Consequently, exposure to Phy-Et resulted in a decrease in all measured physiological parameters and in mitotic index. In contrast, significant increases in the micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequencies were observed and the most significant toxic effect was found in 10 mM Phy-Et treated group. Phy-Et application induced oxidative damage and caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde level and a decrease in glutathione level compared to control group. Also a response occured against oxidative damage in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and the activities increased in 2.5 mM and 5 mM Phy-Et treated groups and decreased in 10 mM Phy-Et treated groups. Furthermore, Phy-Et treatment resulted in some anatomical damages and changes such as necrosis, cell deformation and thickening of the cortex cell wall in root tip meristem cells of A. cepa. In the contact angle measurements taken against water, it was found that the wettability and hydrophilicity of the root preparations treated with Phy-Et were reduced, and this was the explanation of the growth abnormalities associated with water uptake. As a result, it was found that Phy-Et application caused toxic effects on many viability parameters and A. cepa test material was a reliable biomarker in determining these effects.Phenoxyethanol (Phy-Et) is a aromatic glycol ether which is produced naturally in green tea and is produced by processing of phenol with ethylene oxide in the laboratory due to its commercial importance. It also known as 2-Phy-Et, phenoxetol and soluble in water, alcohol, ether and alkaline solutions. It can be miscible with propylene glycol, glycerineand benzene. Phy-Et has a molecular weight of 138.17, a melting point of 14 °C, and a boiling point of 237 °C, 242 °C, 244.9 °C and 245.2 °C. Phy-Et is widely used in the manufacture of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, hand disinfectants, soaps, sunscreen creams, mascara and perfumes because of its pure chemical form, pleasant smell and colorless appearance 1-3 . Other uses of Phy-Et inclu...

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“…A decrease in MI at higher concentrations like 10 mg/ml of the plant extract is comparable to the decreased MI caused by H 2 O 2 . The decrease in MI suggest the anti-proliferative activities of the plant extract and this could be due to DNA replication failure at the S phase or the cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase or reduction in the synthesis of ATP and nucleoproteins preventing the cell from proceeding to the mitosis [25,35]. The chromosomal aberrations like sticky metaphase, chromosomal bridges, clumped chromosome, multipolar anaphase and nuclear lesions were also increased in a time and dose dependent manner (Table 1 & Fig.…”

Section: Genotoxicity Assaymentioning

confidence: 93%

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of the Lagenandra toxicaria Dalz. rhizome methanol extract using Allium cepa assay.

Krishnakumar

2021

Preprint

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This study is the first ever approach to evaluate the possible genotoxic effect of the Lagenandra toxicaria rhizome methanol extract and its antigenotoxic potency against 3% H2O2 induced genetic damage on Allium cepa root tip model. The assay revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and an increase in the percentage of clastogenicity in a time and dose-dependent manner in the roots exposed to Lagenandra toxicaria extract at 0.2 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml concentration for 1, 2 and 4hour. The ultra structures of cell surface and biochemical changes of the cells were assessed in four hour treated roots using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The higher dose of 10 mg/ml treated roots showed an evident morphological as well as biochemical changes compared to the control. The agarose gel electrophoresis showed the loss of DNA integrity in the roots that were treated with 10 mg/ml extract for four hours, where as the control showed comparatively intact DNA bands. The in situ histochemical staining by Schiff’s reagent and nitroblueterasolium (NBT) confirmed the increased lipid peroxidation and free radical generation in four hour treated samples. Subsequently, the possible antigenotoxic potential of the plant extract was explored at its lower doses using H2O2 standard assays. The H2O2 treatment induced nuclear lesions in 93.45 ± 2.33% cells and it was seen to be reduced significantly (50.99 ±7.59 % and 37.13 ± 2.66 %) after the treatment with lower concentration of 0.01 mg/ml and 0.02 mg/ml extract respectively. This suggest that the Lagenandra toxicaria rhizome methanol extract acts as antigenotoxic agent at lower doses but at higher doses the extract induces clastogenic effects and thus acts like a janus-faced compound.

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Potential cytotoxic effect of Anilofos by using Allium cepa assay

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model

Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model

The Potential Risk Assessment of Phenoxyethanol with a Versatile Model System

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of the Lagenandra toxicaria Dalz. rhizome methanol extract using Allium cepa assay.

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