Potential correlation between plasma total GIP levels and body mass index in Japanese patients with types 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus

Kamoi, Kyuzi; Shinozaki, You; Furukawa, Kazuo; Sasaki, Hideo

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0245

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, GIP also has adipogenic properties, 45 and positive correlations between postprandial GIP levels in plasma and BMI have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes. 46 Thus, it may be speculated that elevated GIP levels may contribute to antipsychotic-induced weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucometabolic Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients

Ebdrup¹,

Knop²,

Madsen³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Objective: Treatment with antipsychotic drugs is widely associated with metabolic side effects such as weight gain and disturbed glucose metabolism, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms are unclear.Method: Fifty nondiabetic (fasting plasma glucose ≤ 7.0 mmol/L), antipsychotic-treated male patients (ICD-10 diagnosis code F20, F21, F22, F25, F28, or F60; mean ± SD age = 33.0 ± 6.7 years; body mass index [BMI; kg/ m 2 ] = 26.0 ± 4.7; waist circumference = 95.9 ± 13.3 cm; glycated hemoglobin A 1c [HbA 1c ] = 5.7% ± 0.3%) and 93 age-and waist circumference-matched healthy male controls (age = 33 ± 7.3 years; BMI = 26.1 ± 3.9; waist circumference = 94.6 ± 11.9 cm; HbA 1c = 5.7% ± 0.3%) participated in this cross-sectional study. Blood was sampled in the fasting state and 90 minutes after ingestion of a standardized liquid meal (2,268 kJ). The primary outcomes were glucometabolic hormones and cardiovascular risk markers. Data were collected between March 2008 and February 2010.Results: Compared to healthy controls, patients were characterized by elevated fasting levels of proinsulin, C-peptide, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (P < .05) and higher postprandial levels of insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and GIP (P ≤ .02). Also, patients exhibited elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein and signs of dyslipidemia. Fasting plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and interleukin-6 and postprandial levels of glucagon, GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin did not differ between groups. Conclusions:Presenting with an insulin resistant-like pattern, including beta cell hypersecretion and elevated GIP levels, nondiabetic antipsychotic-treated patients display emerging signs of dysmetabolism and a compromised cardiovascular risk profile. The appetite-regulating hormones GLP-1 and ghrelin appear not to be influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Our findings provide new clinical insight into the pathophysiology associated with metabolic side effects of antipsychotic treatment and put emphasis on the importance of implementing metabolic screening into psychiatric practice.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00627757 Clin Psychiatry 2014;75(9):e899-e905 J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucometabolic Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients

Ebdrup¹,

Knop²,

Madsen³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…Therefore, consistent with the results of recent meta-analyses 33 , 35 , postprandial GLP-1 or GIP secretion is not decreased in type 2 diabetic compared with non-diabetic East Asians. In addition, early postprandial GIP secretion was reported to be positively correlated with BMI in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes 40 . In a Japanese study, fasting and postprandial GLP-1 levels were negatively correlated with plasma DPP-4 activity in type 2 diabetes patients 41 .…”

Section: Incretin Secretion In East Asiansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Incretin physiology and pathophysiology from an Asian perspective

Cho

2014

J of Diabetes Invest

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Incretin hormones, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1, are secreted on oral nutrient ingestion and regulate postprandial glucose homeostasis by conveying the signal of intestinal glucose flux. In East Asians, the secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 is not reduced in type 2 diabetes relative to normal glucose tolerance. Although the incretin effect is blunted in European patients with type 2 diabetes, a few East Asian studies showed no difference in the incretin effect between type 2 diabetes and normal glucose tolerance. Interestingly, the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists was reported to be greater in Asians than in non-Asians. The difference in the treatment responses could be ascribed to a different pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (lower insulin secretory function and less insulin resistance), lower body mass index, different genetic makeups, preserved incretin effect and different food compositions in East Asians compared with other ethnic groups. Based on the currently available data, incretin-based therapies appear to be safe and well tolerated in East Asians. Nevertheless, continuous pharmacovigilance is required. The characteristics of incretin biology and treatment responses to incretin-based therapies should be considered in developing ethnicity-specific treatment guidelines and making patient-centered decisions for patients with type 2 diabetes.

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“…Here, we report interesting findings on studies of non-obese and obese persons through our research of incretin secretion in non-naïve Japanese patients with DM [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Control had normal glucose tolerance. Mico: Microalbuminuria; Macro: Macroalbuminuria; α-GI: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors; BG: Biguanide; SU: Sulfonylurea; TZD: Thiazolidinedione Fourth, based on GIP secretion, Japanese patients with T1DM (n=15), and non-obese and obese Japanese patients with T2DM (n=29) were studied [20]. This study did not have a control.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between by Vilsbøll et al [14] and by Lee et al [15] and Kozawa et al [16] may be in part due to the difference of degree of BMI in subjects participated. Therefore, we re-examined effects of TM based on the method of Vilsbøll et al [14] on basal and postprandial levels of incretin in non-naïve Japanese patients with T1DM or T2DM associated various degrees of BMI and in controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

Kamoi¹,

Sasaki²

2014

Intern Med

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Backgrounds: Generally, a prevalence of obesity increasing constantly represents one of major health care and social problems. Many researchers indicate that obesity has a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but some persons believe that obesity may occur T2DM. GLP-1 and GIP as incretin hormone are secreted in response to ingestion of nutrients. In the circulation, they are rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. We report interesting findings on secretion of incretin after test meal (TM) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) and T2DM associated with or without obesity. Materials and Methods: In Japan, ≧ 25 kg/m 2 in BMI are defined as obesity. After overnight fast, subjects were ingested of TM (550 kcal) comprised of 60% carbohydrate, 23% fat and 17% protein. Based on GLP-1, patients with T1DM (n=10) were treated with multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) or CSII. Non-obese (n=23) and obese (n=24) patients with T2DM with micro-and macroangiopathy were treated with oral drugs for various disease. Based on GIP, patients with T1DM (n=15) and T2DM (n=29) were treated with MDI or CSII for T1DM and oral drugs for T2DM, respectively. Results: Basal and postprandial levels of plasma active GLP-1 (p-GLP-1) after TM in Japanese patient with T1DM and T2DM are similar to those with control, but basal and postprandial ratio of p-GLP-1/glucose are low compared with controls. AUCs of plasma GIP at early-phase were significant negatively and positively related to BMI in patients with T1DM and T2DM, respectively. Conclusions: Japanese patients with T2DM regards of obesity may have a low secretion of GLP-1, which may be due to genetic factors. However, there is no T2DM in obese persons without low secretion of GLP-1. Therefore, risk factors for DM are important to diagnose T2DM.

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Potential correlation between plasma total GIP levels and body mass index in Japanese patients with types 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Glucometabolic Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients

Glucometabolic Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients

Incretin physiology and pathophysiology from an Asian perspective

Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

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