Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations

Livingstone, Barbara; Strain, J. J.; Prentice, Ann; Coward, W. A.; Nevin, G. B.; Barker, Margo E.; Hickey, Raymond J.; McKenna, P. G.; Whitehead, R. G.

doi:10.1079/bjn19910076

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore in a subanalysis of a more homogeneous sample, studies were included with at least 10 subjects for each gender in a body mass range between 20 and 35 kg/ m 2 . 17,27,30 Regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of age and physical activity as predictors for body fatness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between physical activity related energy expenditure and body composition: a gender difference

Westerterp

Goran²

1997

Int J Obes

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: The doubly labeled water method for the measurement of average daily metabolic rate (ADMR), combined with a measurement of basal metabolic rate (BMR), permits the calculation of energy expenditure for physical activity. Thus, the relation between physical activity and body composition (%body fat) can be determined. METHOD: We analyzed existing data sets with observations on ADMR, BMR, and %body fat including 290 healthy subjects, age 18±49 y, 146 females and 144 males, from 22 different studies. RESULTS: In a regression analysis, age explained 3±7% and 5±20% of the variation in %body fat in females and males, respectively. Adding physical activity to the model raised the explained variation in %body fat in males (partial r À0.35, P`0.01). A higher level of physical activity was related to a lower %body fat. In females, there was no relationship between physical activity and body composition (partial r 0.00, n.s.). CONCLUSION: In males, there is a signi®cant inverse cross-sectional relationship between activity energy expenditure and percent body fat, whereas no such relationship was apparent in females.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between physical activity related energy expenditure and body composition: a gender difference

Westerterp

Goran²

1997

Int J Obes

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The enormous variety of components has made NEAT challenging to study and its role in human energy balance difficult to define. NEAT is therefore the most variable component of energy expenditure, both within and between subjects, ranging from ϳ15% of total daily energy expenditure in very sedentary individuals to 50% or more of total daily energy expenditure in highly active individuals (21,72,85). Therefore, its potential role in body weight regulation justifies our scrutiny.…”

Section: Introduction To Human Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): environment and biology

Levine¹

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

168

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Levine, James A. Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): environment and biology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286: E675-E685, 2004; 10.1152/ ajpendo.00562.2003.-Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended for everything that is not sleeping, eating, or sports-like exercise. It includes the energy expended walking to work, typing, performing yard work, undertaking agricultural tasks, and fidgeting. NEAT can be measured by one of two approaches. The first is to measure or estimate total NEAT. Here, total daily energy expenditure is measured, and from it "basal metabolic rate-plus-thermic effect of food" is subtracted. The second is the factoral approach, whereby the components of NEAT are quantified, and total NEAT is calculated by summing these components. The amount of NEAT that humans perform represents the product of the amount and types of physical activities and the thermogenic cost of each activity. The factors that impact a human's NEAT are readily divisible into environmental factors, such as occupation or dwelling within a "concrete jungle," and biological factors such as weight, gender, and body composition. The combined impact of these factors explains the substantial variance in human NEAT. The variability in NEAT might be viewed as random, but human and animal data contradict this. It appears that changes in NEAT subtly accompany experimentally induced changes in energy balance and are important in the physiology of weight change. Inadequate modulation of NEAT plus a sedentary lifestyle may thus be important in obesity. It then becomes intriguing to dissect mechanistic studies that delineate how NEAT is regulated into neural, peripheral, and humoral factors. A scheme is described in this review in which NEAT corresponds to a carefully regulated "tank" of physical activity that is crucial for weight control. energy expenditure; physical activity; obesity; malnutrition INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ENERGY BALANCE

show abstract

“…Last, increases in NEAT in nonobese subjects after overfeeding are correlated with resistance to weight gain (49). The preponderance of evidence indicates that spontaneous physical activity (SPA) is a major factor in the ability of individuals to prevent or reverse weight gain (14,49,50,52,53,68).To investigate the neural underpinnings of NEAT and its effects on differential weight gain, we utilized the diet-induced obese (DIO) rat model developed by Dr. B. E. Levin. DIO Sprague-Dawley rats, as opposed to their diet-resistant (DR) counterparts, show rapid weight gain when placed on a high-fat diet (41, 45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central orexin sensitivity, physical activity, and obesity in diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats

Novak

Kotz²,

Levine

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

104

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novak, Colleen M., Catherine M. Kotz, and James A. Levine. Central orexin sensitivity, physical activity, and obesity in diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E396-E403, 2006. First published September 27, 2005 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00293.2005.-Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the most variable component of energy expenditure, can account for differential capacities for human weight gain. Also highly variable, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) may similarly affect weight balance in animals. In the following study, we utilized the rat model of obesity, the diet-induced obese (DIO) rat, as well as the diet-resistant (DR) rat strain, to investigate how access to a high-fat diet alters SPA and the associated energy expenditure (i.e., NEAT). DIO and DR rats showed no differences in the amount of SPA before access to the high-fat diet. After 29 days on a high-fat diet, the DIO rats showed significant decreases in SPA, whereas the DR rats did not. Next, we wanted to determine whether the DIO and DR rats showed differential sensitivity to microinjections of orexin into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Unilateral guide cannulae were implanted, aimed at the PVN. Orexin A (0, 0.125, 0.25, and 1.0 nmol in 500 nl) was microinjected through the guide cannula into the PVN, then SPA and energy expenditure were measured for 2 h. Using the response to vehicle as a baseline, the DR rats showed significantly greater increase in NEAT compared with the DIO rats. These data indicate that diet-induced obesity is associated with decreases in SPA and a lack of increase in NEAT. A putative mechanism for changes in NEAT that accompany obesity is a decreased sensitivity to the NEAT-activating effects of neuropeptides such as orexin.nonexercise activity thermogenesis; paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; high-fat diet; hypocretin OBESITY IS AN EPIDEMIC associated with the increased prevalence of many diseases, increased mortality, and decreased quality of life (1, 8, 16 -20, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 55, 56, 58, 62, 67, 70). One major contributor to the rise in obesity is the sedentary lifestyle of many individuals, leading to decreased energy expenditure and increased body weight, as well as decreased health quality (3,6,11,22, 29, 30, 34, 36,65,77,82). In fact, energy expended through physical activity is the single most variable component of energy expenditure, and in the majority of individuals, daily physical activity is composed primarily of nonexercise activity (47, 48, 52). Nonexercise activity thermogenesis, or NEAT, differs between obese and lean individuals: lean subjects show significantly more ambulation and less sitting compared with obese subjects (50). Moreover, this difference is not altered after weight gain in lean individuals or weight loss in obese individuals, indicating that increased sedentariness is not secondary to the increased body mass in the obese subjects (50). Last, increases in NEAT in nonobese subjects after overfeeding are correlate...

show abstract

Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Relationship between physical activity related energy expenditure and body composition: a gender difference

Relationship between physical activity related energy expenditure and body composition: a gender difference

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): environment and biology

Central orexin sensitivity, physical activity, and obesity in diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About