Potential changes in weed floras associated with reduced‐cultivation Systems for cereal production in temperate regions

Froud-Williams, R. J.; Chancellor, R. J.; Drennan, D. S. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1981.tb00102.x

Cited by 109 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Average density of annual broad-leaved weeds was 1.5 plants per m 2 without any differences between the tillage practices (Table 2). This finding concerning the annual broadleaved weeds is contradictory to some studies (Cussans 1976, Froud-Williams et al 1981, Buhler 1995 but concurs with some other reports (Wrucke and Arnold 1985). The perennial weed species Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br., Convolvulus arvensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Rumex crispus L., Lythrum salicaria L. and Symphytum officinale L. as dicotyledonous species, and Equisetum arvense L. as a cryptogamous species, made up only 12% of the total weed populations, but with a significantly higher abundance by 3% in CP and DH than in CT tillage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Effects of pre- and post-emergence weed control on weed population and maize yield in different tillage systems

Knežević¹,

Đurkić²,

Knežević³

et al. 2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The effect of chemical weed control with reduced herbicide rates (pre-em., pre-em. + post-em., post-em.) on weed population density and maize yield was compared in three tillage systems (mouldboard, chisel, disk harrowing) for lessive pseudogleyic soil in north-eastern Croatia (1997Croatia ( -1999. These main weeds were present in all tillage variants:and Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. The density of all weeds was significantly affected by tillage and it ranged from 204 plants on untreated plots with mouldboard to 372 and 421 plants per m 2 with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively. In comparison with standard tank-mixture of atrazine herbicide (metolachlor 50% & atrazine 20%) at the recommended rate, atrazine-free herbicide combinations (metolachlor + 50% prosulfuron & 30% primisulfuron-methyl; sulcotrione + bromoxynil; thifensulfuron-methyl + nicosulfuron) showed a similar total efficacy of weed control (95-96%). Band spraying with standard treatment at a half-recommended rate combined with mechanical weed control brought a satisfactory total weed reduction (83-87%). The weed control methods had no effects on maize yields that were significantly affected by year and tillage. Compared to the highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (10.2 t/ha), average percent yield depressions with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing were 10 and 22%, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Effects of pre- and post-emergence weed control on weed population and maize yield in different tillage systems

Knežević¹,

Đurkić²,

Knežević³

et al. 2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…Ch. album and P. aviculare, the characteristic species in mouldboard ploughing (Froud-Williams et al 1981), occurred in our trials in the DH/CT and CT/DH tillage treatments with densities of 15 plants per m 2 that were 3 times higher than those found in mouldboard ploughing (CT). The abundance of these weed populations probably reflected the effect of tillage on the seedbank size and seedling distribution in the soil layer as well wheat competitiveness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…The general trend of conservation tillage practices for cereal crops under different climatic and soil conditions was found in recent reviews by Brown and North (1984), Butorac et al (1986), Légère et al (1990), Arshad et al (1994). The observation of weed species under conservation tillage suggested that the replacement of conventional tillage based on ploughing by conservation tillage caused changes in the composition of weed species (Froud-Williams et al 1981). However, other studies reported that most weeds showed no consistent response to tillage (Pollard at al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of tillage and reduced herbicide doses on weed biomass production in winter and spring cereals

Knežević¹,

Đurkić²,

Knežević³

et al. 2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The effects of different tillage systems and dose reduction on the efficacy of triasulfuron & chlortoluron mixture in the post-emergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat and spring barley were studied on lessive pseudogley soil in north-eastern Croatia during 1997-2000. Total dry biomass production in untreated plots was significantly influenced by tillage and it was lowest in continuous mouldboard ploughing (99 kg/ha), medium and similar in mouldboard ploughing/disk harrowing alternating every second year and in chisel ploughing (218 kg/ha) whereas the biomass was highest in continuous disk harrowing (422 kg/ha). Thereby the proportion of annual broad-leaved weed biomass was 70, 63, and 28%, respectively. Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ch. polyspermum L. and Polygonum aviculare L. are the most abundant annual weed species in all tillage treatments. One half and one quarter of the recommended rate decreased the control efficacy of total weed biomass by 12 and 19%, respectively in wheat and by 6 and 15%, respectively in barley compared to the highest dose but they still provided a very good biomass control of main annual weeds (94-96 percentage units). The efficacy of reduced herbicide doses in the control of annual broad-leaved weeds did not vary significantly between tillage treatments and growing seasons. Significant interaction with continuous disk harrowing tillage and one-quarter herbicide dose was detected in the last year of wheat trial when perennial weeds increased their biomass proportion 8 times compared to four years before.

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“…Froud-Williams et al (1981) predicted that reduced tillage would result in an increase in annual grass species, perennials, volunteer crops and wind-dispersed species, whereas annual broadleaf species would decrease. Canadian studies testing these predictions yielded inconsistent results .…”

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confidence: 99%

Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems

Leeson¹,

Sheard²,

Thomas³

2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2000. Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 177-185. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a range of management systems on weed communities in cropped fields on farms in Saskatchewan. Farms (n = 28) with management systems defined by a combination of different cropping histories and chemical input levels were selected. Fields were surveyed on each farm in 1995, 1996, and 1997 after any post-emergent weed control to ensure that their weed communities reflected the impact of all agronomic management practices typical of the management system. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine whether weed communities were significantly correlated with management system after removal of variance due to ecoregion and year. The largest difference in weed communities attributable to farming system was between the systems with annual cropping histories and those that included perennials in the cropping history. Thus, the life history of the weeds reflected the life history of the crops. Herbicide use was correlated with the next largest difference between systems. A significant association between weed communities and different management systems indicates that weed species are being selected for by these systems. If such selection pressure continues, these species may become a threat to the system's sustainability. 1995, 1996 et 1997 au moins deux semaines après tout traitement de désherbage de post-levée, afin d'assurer que leurs communautés de mauvaises herbes reflétaient bien l'effet de toutes les pratiques agronomiques caractéristiques du système cultural. Une analyse de correspondance canonique était exécutée pour établir le degré de signification de la corrélation avec le système cultural, une fois éliminée la variance due à la région écologique et à l'année. Les plus larges différences attribuables au système cultural affectant les communautés de mauvaises herbes étaient observées entre les systèmes ne comportant que des cultures annuelles dans leurs antécédents culturaux et ceux qui comprenaient aussi des cultures pluriannuelles. Ainsi l'évolution des communautés de mauvaises herbes reflétai les antécédents culturaux utilisés. La seconde différence en importance observée entre les systèmes était reliée à l'utilisation des herbicides. L'association significative constatée entre les communautés de mauvaises herbes et les différents systèmes culturaux signifie que ces systèmes opèrent une sélection parmi les espèces adventices. Si cette pression de sélection perdure, il y a risque que ces nouvelles communautés de mauvaises herbes deviennent une menace pour la durabilité même des systèmes utilisés.

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Potential changes in weed floras associated with reduced‐cultivation Systems for cereal production in temperate regions

Cited by 109 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of pre- and post-emergence weed control on weed population and maize yield in different tillage systems

Effects of pre- and post-emergence weed control on weed population and maize yield in different tillage systems

Effects of tillage and reduced herbicide doses on weed biomass production in winter and spring cereals

Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems

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