Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Suicidal Ideation

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveAlthough many works have been done, the objectively measured diagnostic biomarkers are not available. Thus, we conducted this study to identify potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing depression and explore the role of gut microbiota in the onset of depression.MethodsMajor depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n=56) and demographic data-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n=56) were included in this study. The gut microbiota in fecal samples and inflammation-related factors in serum were measured. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the differential gut microbiota and inflammation-related factors.ResultsFinally, 46 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (60.9% OTUs belonging to Firmicutes) and ten differential inflammation-related factors were identified. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and seven differential inflammation-related factors. Meanwhile, 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and five differential inflammation-related factors (adiponectin, apolipoprotein A1, alpha 1-antitrypsin, neutrophilicgranulocyte count/white blood cell count and basophil count) were significantly correlated to depression severity. A panel consisting of these five differential inflammation-related factors could effectively diagnose MDD patients from HCs.ConclusionsOur results suggested that Firmicutes, especially family Lachnospiraceae, might play a role in the onset of depression via affecting the inflammation levels of host, and these five differential inflammation-related factors could be potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing MDD.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbiota-Related Inflammation Factors as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

et al. 2022

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“… 47 , 48 For example, a cumulative meta-analysis reported that the levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were higher in MDD patients than in non-depressed controls. 49 Our previous studies found that the level of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was decreased in MDD patients; 27 , 50 AAT can inhibit the release of many pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-6. In this study, we found ten inflammation-related metabolites, and identified three inflammation-related pathways by analyzing these differential metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, we also found that the decreased level of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) might lead to inflammatory response disorders, and ultimately lead to the occurrence of suicidal ideation in MDD patients. 27 The inflammatory response and immune system represent the major component of communications between gut microbiota and brain functions. Accumulating evidence supports the role of gut microbiota in regulating the host metabolic and immune functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota-Derived Inflammation-Related Serum Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder

Xie

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background Although many works have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD), the widely accepted biomarkers are still not identified. Thus, the combined application of serum metabolomics and fecal microbial communities was used to identify gut microbiota-derived inflammation-related serum metabolites as potential biomarkers for MDD. Methods MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Both serum samples and fecal samples were collected. The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the metabolites in serum samples, and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota compositions in fecal samples. Results Totally, 60 MDD patients and 60 HCs were recruited. The 24 differential serum metabolites were identified, and 10 of these were inflammation-related metabolites. Three significantly affected inflammation-related pathways were identified using differential metabolites. The 17 differential genera were identified, and 14 of these genera belonged to phyla Firmicutes. Four significantly affected inflammation-related pathways were identified using differential genera. Five inflammation-related metabolites (LysoPC(16:0), deoxycholic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, taurocholic acid and LysoPC(20:0)) were identified as potential biomarkers. These potential biomarkers had significant correlations with genera belonged to phyla Firmicutes. The panel consisting of these biomarkers could effectively distinguish MDD patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 in training set and 0.92 in testing set. Conclusion These findings suggested that the disturbance of phyla Firmicutes might be involved in the onset of depression by regulating host’s inflammatory response, and these potential biomarkers could be useful for future investigating the objective methods for diagnosing MDD.

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

Suicide, neuroinflammation and other physiological alterations

Bengoechea-Fortes

Ramírez‐Expósito

Martínez-Martos

2023

Suicide is considered one of the major public health problems worldwide, being the second leading cause of death in the 15–29 age group. It is estimated that every 40s someone in the world commits suicide. The social taboo surrounding this phenomenon as well as the fact that suicide prevention measures currently fail to avoid deaths from this cause, means that more research is needed to understand its mechanisms. The present narrative review on suicide tries to point out several important aspects, such as risk factors or the dynamics of suicide, as well as the current findings in the field of physiology that could offer advances in the understanding of suicide. Subjective measures of risk such as scales and questionnaires are not effective alone, whereas the objective measures can be addressed from physiology. Thus, an increased neuroinflammation in people who take their own lives has been found, with an increase in inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and other cytokines in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. Also, the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and a decrease in serotonin or in vitamin D levels seems to also be involved. In conclusion, this review could help to understand which factors can trigger an increased risk of dying by suicide, as well as pointing out those alterations that occur in the body when someone attempt to commit suicide or succeeds in taking their own life. There is a need for more multidisciplinary approaches that address suicide to help to raise awareness of the relevance of this problem that causes the death of thousands of people every year.