Potential biodiesel and biogas production from corncob by anaerobic fermentation and black soldier fly

Li, Wu; Li, Qing; Zheng, Longyu; Wang, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Jibin; Zhou, Yu; Zhang, Yanlin

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.112

Cited by 109 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has even been proposed as a sanitation method for getting rid of human feces (Lalander et al 2013;Banks et al 2014). Furthermore, the black soldier fly can be used to produce biodiesel and biofuel (Zheng et al 2012;Li et al 2015;Surendra et al 2016). The housefly can also be grown on manure (Cicková et al 2012;Shah et al 2016).…”

Section: Reducing Organic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental sustainability of insects as food and feed. A review

Huis

Oonincx

2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

629

381

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With a growing world population, increasingly demanding consumers, and a limited amount of agricultural land, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to conventional meat products. Livestock production is, moreover, a leading cause of anthropogenic-induced climate change. To mediate this, more sustainable diets are needed, with reduced meat consumption or the use of alternative protein sources. Insects are promoted as human food and animal feed worldwide. In tropical countries, edible insects are harvested from nature, but overexploitation, habitat changes, and environmental contamination threaten this food resource. Therefore, sustainable harvesting practices need to be developed and implemented. We provide examples of (1) aquatic insects whose populations are threatened by pollution, (2) caterpillar species in Africa that are disappearing due to overexploitation and habitat change, (3) edible insects species that are considered pests in agro-ecosystems, and (4) edible insect species that can be conserved and enhanced in forest management systems. Insect farming can be conducted either on small-scale farms or in large-scale industrialized rearing facilities. We review the environmental sustainability of insect farming compared to livestock production. The major environmental advantages of insect farming compared to livestock production are as follows: (1) less land and water is required; (2) greenhouse gas emissions are lower; (3) insects have high feed conversion efficiencies; (4) insects can transform low-value organic by-products into highquality food or feed; and (5) certain insect species can be used as animal feed or aqua feed. For instance, they can replace fish meal, which is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive.However, edible insect species intended for production should be screened for risks to humans, animals, plants, and biodiversity.

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Section: Reducing Organic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental sustainability of insects as food and feed. A review

Huis

Oonincx

2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

629

381

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“…Among the broad variety of agricultural residues, maize cobs represent an interesting source of biomass, and their advantageous composition could allow their use for both direct combustion of dry biomass (Lizotte et al, 2015) and for the anaerobic fermentation process (Li et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of cobs, a by-product of maize grain, for energy production in anaerobic digestion

et al. 2016

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Owing to the rising energy demand and the conflict between food, feed and energy crops for agricultural land, there is a growing need for alternative biomasses for energy purposes. New developments in harvesting technology have created the possibility of harvesting cobs as a by-product of maize grain harvesting. The aim of the present work has been to evaluate the potential and limitations of maize cob utilisation in an anaerobic digestion chain, considering the main agronomic, productive and qualitative traits. Maize grain and cob yields as well as the moisture content of samples collected from 1044 (farm) fields (located) in North West Italy have been determined over the 2012 growing season. Moreover, 27 representative fields were harvested using a modified combine-harvester that is able to collect maize grains and threshed cobs separately. The chemical composition and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of the cobs have been analysed.The relative potential yield of maize cobs was established as 18.7% of the grain mass, while the wet cob yield recorded in the field after mechanical harvesting was 1.6 t ha -1 . The total solid content was 60%. Fibre fractions represented over 85% of the dry cob matter, lignin content was about 16%, while the protein, ash, lipids and macro-elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) contents were very low compared to the whole-plant maize used for silage. The average BMP of wet threshed cob was 250±20 Nm 3 t VS -1 .Collected data have underlined that maize cobs could be used as a sustainable feedstock for anaerobic digestion processes.

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“…The molar yields of furfural and LA ester were defined as follows: Furfural (LA ester) mol yield = mol of carbon in furfural (LA ester)/mol of carbon in hemicellulose (cellulose). The hemicellulose and cellulose content in corncob was estimated to be 34.6 and 34.5 %, respectively, according to the work of Li et al [31] The molar yields of C 15 and C 14 alkanes were defined as follows: Yield of C 15 (C 14 ) alkanes = mol of carbon in C 15 (C 14 ) alkanes/ mol of carbon atoms in starting oxygenates (moles of starting oxygenates were calculated by taking C 15 H 12 O 6 as model for the oxygenates). Woody's three steps to glory: Synthesis of branched long-chain alkanes from renewable biomass has attracted considerable interest in recent years, but the feedstock for this synthesis is usually restricted to platform chemicals.…”

Section: Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of raw lignocellulosic biomass into branched long‐chain alkanes through three tandem steps

Ding

Xia

et al. 2016

ChemSusChem

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Synthesis of branched long-chain alkanes from renewable biomass has attracted intensive interest in recent years, but the feedstock for this synthesis is restricted to platform chemicals. Here, we develop an effective and energy-efficient process to convert raw lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., corncob) into branched diesel-range alkanes through three tandem steps for the first time. Furfural and isopropyl levulinate (LA ester) were prepared from hemicellulose and cellulose fractions of corncob in toluene/water biphasic system with added isopropanol, which was followed by double aldol condensation of furfural with LA ester into C15 oxygenates and the final hydrodeoxygenation of C15 oxygenates into branched long-chain alkanes. The core point of this tandem process is the addition of isopropanol in the first step, which enables the spontaneous transfer of levulinic acid (LA) into the toluene phase in the form of LA ester through esterification, resulting in LA ester co-existing with furfural in the same phase, which is the basis for double aldol condensation in the toluene phase. Moreover, the acidic aqueous phase and toluene can be reused and the residues, including lignin and humins in aqueous phase, can be separated and carbonized to porous carbon materials.

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Potential biodiesel and biogas production from corncob by anaerobic fermentation and black soldier fly

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

The environmental sustainability of insects as food and feed. A review

The environmental sustainability of insects as food and feed. A review

The use of cobs, a by-product of maize grain, for energy production in anaerobic digestion

Conversion of raw lignocellulosic biomass into branched long‐chain alkanes through three tandem steps

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