“…Some of the allied processes utilized by melatonin to reduce these catastrophic effects, e.g., indiscriminate molecular destruction which ultimately leads to cellular apoptosis, include improving the efficacy of the mitochondria respiratory complexes [129,183,184], enriching ATP production [185,186], reducing free radical generation by limiting electron leakage, commonly referred to as radical avoidance [128], upregulating antioxidative enzymes [187,188], stimulating glutathione synthesis [189,190], direct radical detoxification [103,191] and probably yet to be defined means. The outcome of these combined actions is the preservation of cellular and organ physiology, as well as the prevention of organismal death, by mitigating cellular loss due to apoptosis [167,192,193,194,195].…”