Potential benefits of early-life supplementation of liquid feed with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds or oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves on growth, health, and blood metabolites in Holstein dairy calves

Ansari, M H Khadem; Kargar, S.; Eslami, M.; Falahati, R; Albenzio, Marzia; Caroprese, Mariangela; Zamiri, Mohammad Javad; Kanani, M.

doi:10.3168/jds.2022-21776

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The rectal temperature of calves was determined daily at approximately 14:00 h using a veterinary thermometer (Yasa Teb Co., Isfahan, Iran) inserted into the rectum for 1 min. Rectal temperature was also categorized according to the number of days with a temperature ≥ 39.4 °C, which corresponds to the fever threshold 42 . Each calf diagnosed with the disease received veterinary treatment according to standard farm procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of corn processing and weaning age on calf performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and behavior

Rahimi

Ghorbani

Hashemzadeh

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This study examined the impact of two corn processing methods (steam-flaked (SFC) vs. ground) combined with two weaning ages (50 or 75 days) on calf performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, and behavior. The study involved 48 three-day-old Holstein calves, with an average body weight of 41.4 ± 2.2 kg. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, resulting in four treatment groups: SFC50 (SFC and weaning at 50 days), SFC75 (SFC and weaning at 75 days), GC50 (ground corn and weaning at 50 days), and GC75 (ground corn and weaning at 75 days). Calves were given whole milk at 4 L/ day from day 3–15 and 7 L/ day from day 16 to either 43 or 68, depending on weaning age. Weaning occurred between days 44 and 50 for early-weaned calves and between days 69 and 75 for late-weaned calves. The study lasted until calves were 93 days old. The starter ration consisted of soybean meal, corn grain, 5% chopped wheat straw and premix. Results indicated that the SFC-based starter feed improved calf performance and nutrient digestion, as evidenced by increased weight gain, dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Calves fed the SFC-based starter diet had lower blood albumin and urea N concentrations, while blood total protein and globulin concentrations were higher, especially in early-weaned calves. No significant changes in rumen pH and ammonia-N concentration were observed. In addition, the SFC starter feed resulted in higher volatile fatty acids concentration and longer feeding time in weaned calves compared to ground corn. Overall, these results suggest that an SFC-based starter feed may be beneficial for both early and late weaned calves.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of corn processing and weaning age on calf performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and behavior

Rahimi

Ghorbani

Hashemzadeh

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Chemical components of FSP were measured according to the method described by Ansari et al (2022). Briefly, FSP (30 g; n = 3) was subjected to hydrodistillation in 1,000 mL of distilled water for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus (HeatingMantle; Sci FineTech Co.).…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After dehydration over anhydrous sodium sulfate (CAS #7757-82-6), the percentage of oil was calculated. The prepared oil was stored in sealed vials in the dark at 4°C and then subjected to GC and GC-MS analyses to identify of constituents (Ansari et al, 2022; Table 1).…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed powder addition during early lactation on performance, milk fatty acid profile, and rumen fermentation parameters of Holstein cows

Moosavi‐Zadeh

Rahimi²,

Rafiee³

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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IntroductionAromatic and herbal plants usage as feed additives have become a new tendency in dairy cows’ nutrition to enhance animal performance. This experiment was performed to study the effects of supplementing fennel seed powder (FSP) to diets during early lactation on performance, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, and rumen fermentation of Holstein dairy cows.MethodsTwenty-four primiparous Holstein dairy cows (10 ± 3 d in milk, 30 ± 2.1 Kg of milk/d, 610 ± 31 Kg body weight; mean ± SE) were balanced for actual milk yield and calving date (n = 8 per treatment) in a complete randomized design. Animals were allocated randomly to diets containing 0 g/d (0FSP), 25 g/d (25FSP), or 50 g/d (50FSP) FSP, individually top-dressed over the total mixed ration. The experimental period was 45 d consisting of the first 15 d for adaptation and the final 30 d for data collection and sampling.Results and discussionDry matter intake responded quadratically to FSP feeding, and cows fed 25FP treatment had greater DMI than 0FSP treatment. The average ruminal pH value decreased linearly as FSP increased in diets. Ruminal valerate and isovalerate proportion increased linearly as FSP inclusion in diets increased, while acetate proportion decreased and acetate:propionate ratio tended to decrease linearly. Increasing FSP in diets linearly increased serum glucose, globulin, and total protein concentrations. Milk yield increased linearly as FSP inclusion in diets increased, whereas milk composition was unaffected. Increasing FSP in diets linearly increased de novo and mixed FA and decreased preformed FA in milk. Dietary treatments did not affect saturated FA, whereas unsaturated FA, mono and poly unsaturated FA linearly decreased with increasing FSP inclusion in diets. Moreover, the content of C18:0 tended to decrease, and C18:1 cis-9 decreased linearly as FSP inclusion increased. Also, increasing the FSP level in diets decreased linearly non-esterified fatty acids and acetone concentrations in the milk. It could be concluded that FSP addition at 50 g/d could enhance performance of early lactating cows.

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“…Therefore, additives using a combination of these EO, or blends, have been tested lately to modify the ruminal ecosystem and microbiota, improve nutrient utilization, performance, and health during the early stages of life 9 . Previous results using different plants' EO through a liquid diet have shown potential benefits for calves' growth and health improvement 21 , still, there is limited information on its use in young ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves

Campolina

Coelho²,

Belli³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to evaluate blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), digestibility, internal organs weight and histology, gene expression, and spleen cell proliferation of pre-weaned bull calves supplemented with a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR). Sixteen newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy bull calves, with body weight at birth of 33.3 ± 3.7 kg, were housed in individual sand bedded pens, blocked by genetic composition, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design: Control (CON, n = 8) and blend of essential oils supplementation (BEO, n = 8, 1 g/day/calf, Apex Calf, Adisseo, China). The commercial blend was composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. Animals were fed 5 L of MR/day reconstituted at 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose were evaluated weekly, IGF-1 was evaluated biweekly, and total blood cell count was performed every four weeks until the end of the trial at eight weeks of age. Feed samples were collected three times a week and polled for weekly analysis. Apparent total nutrient digestibility was determined from d 56 to 60 of age. On d 60 ± 1, animals were euthanized for organ weight, histology, spleen cell proliferation, and intestinal gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed independently using linear mixed models using the REML method in the nlme package in R for continuous outcomes. A non-parametric test was used for ordered categorical outcomes using the Artools package in R. There were no differences between groups for blood evaluations, digestibility, gene expression, and a spleen cell proliferation assay. However, BEO calves presented a heavier pancreas, heavier intestines, bigger ileum villi, and higher cecum butyrate levels (P < 0.05), demonstrating that the EO supplementation helped intestinal development and symbiotic bacteria. It was also observed in CON animals’ heavier respiratory tract and a higher eosinophil count (P < 0.05). Therefore, the organs where eosinophils are more active had a better response for BEO animals. No differences were found in the intestinal gene expression in the immune context. These results demonstrate that supplementing essential oils in MR could contribute to gut development and immune function. However, more research is needed to understand its impact on body development and define the best dosage and route of administration.

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Potential benefits of early-life supplementation of liquid feed with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds or oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves on growth, health, and blood metabolites in Holstein dairy calves

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of corn processing and weaning age on calf performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and behavior

Impact of corn processing and weaning age on calf performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and behavior

Effects of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed powder addition during early lactation on performance, milk fatty acid profile, and rumen fermentation parameters of Holstein cows

Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves

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