Potential Bacterial Pathogens Carried by Nesting Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in Costa Rica

Santoro, Mario; Hernandéz, Giovanna; Caballero, Magaly; García, F. Gómiz

doi:10.2744/ccb-0666.1

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In contrast to the findings by Dutton et al. (), previous studies reporting the frequency of Salmonella in wild turtles have found prevalence to be very low (Saelinger et al., ; Santoro et al., , ). The drivers of this variable prevalence are unknown.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Ives

Antaki

Stewart

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Salmonellae are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that are frequently part of the normal reptilian gastrointestinal flora. The main objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in the nesting and foraging populations of sea turtles on St. Kitts and in sand from known nesting beaches. Results suggest a higher prevalence of Salmonella in nesting leatherback sea turtles compared with foraging green and hawksbill sea turtles. Salmonella was cultured from 2/9 and identified by molecular diagnostic methods in 3/9 leatherback sea turtle samples. Salmonella DNA was detected in one hawksbill turtle, but viable isolates were not recovered from any hawksbill sea turtles. No Salmonella was detected in green sea turtles. In samples collected from nesting beaches, Salmonella was only recovered from a single dry sand sample. All recovered isolates were positive for the wzx gene, consistent with the O:7 serogroup. Further serotyping characterized serovars Montevideo and Newport present in cloacal and sand samples. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprint analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the 2014 isolates from turtles and sand as well as archived Salmonella isolates recovered from leatherback sea turtles in 2012 and 2013, identified two distinct genotypes and four different pulsotypes, respectively. The genotyping and serotyping were directly correlated. To determine the persistence of representative strains of each serotype/genotype in these environments, laboratory-controlled microcosm studies were performed in water and sand (dry and wet) incubated at 25 or 35°C. Isolates persisted for at least 32 days in most microcosms, although there were significant decreases in culturable bacteria in several microcosms, with the greatest reduction in dry sand incubated at 35°C. This information provides a better understanding of the epizootiology of Salmonella in free-ranging marine reptiles and the potential public health risks associated with human interactions with these animals in the Caribbean.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Ives

Antaki

Stewart

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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show abstract

“…suppress the turtle’s normal immune response [ 4 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, many of these microorganisms might represent a health risk for other marine animals and humans sharing the same environment [ 26 , 27 ], not only because of the pathogenic potential, but also because of the possible dissemination of AMR (antimicrobial resistance) determinants [ 28 , 29 ]. Many studies performed on fish and marine mammals strongly support the hypothesis that wild marine species harbor AMR microbial species, and therefore may serve as a reservoir for AMR genes [ 28 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Disease in Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)

Ciccarelli

Valastro

Bello

et al. 2020

Animals

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The aim of this study was to describe the clinical signs, radiographic, endoscopic and CT findings, cytological and microbiological findings and treatments of pulmonary diseases in sea turtles, in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis that avoids unnecessary therapy and antibiotic-resistance phenomena. In total, 14 loggerheads (Caretta caretta), with clinical and/or radiographic findings of pulmonary pathology, were assessed through various combinations of clinical, radiological, CT, endoscopic examination and bronchoalveolar lavage, which recovered fluid for cytologic and microbiologic analysis. In all cases, radiographic examination led to a diagnosis of pulmonary disorders—4 unilateral and 10 bilateral. All bacteria cultured were identified as Gram-negative. Antibiotic resistance was greater than 70% for all beta-lactams tested. In addition, all bacterial strains were 100% resistant to colistin sulfate and tetracycline. Specific antibiotic therapies were formulated for seven sea turtles using Enrofloxacin, and for four sea turtles using ceftazidime. In two turtles, antibiotic therapy was not included due to the presence of antibiotic resistance against all the antibiotics evaluated. In both cases, the coupage technique and environmental management allowed the resolution of the lung disease without antibiotics. All 14 sea turtles were released back into the sea. Radiographic examination must be considered the gold standard for screening sea turtles that show respiratory signs or abnormal buoyancy. Susceptibility testing with antimicrobials allowed appropriate therapy, including the reduction of antibiotic-resistance.

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“…La salmonelosis es la enfermedad zoonótica más conocida que transmiten los reptiles. Ocurre al comer productos crudos contaminados con Salmonella o por contacto directo (Santoro et al 2008). También, ciertas especies de Mycobacterium pueden transferirse por contacto directo, inhalación o por contacto con las mucosas, aunque no se puede descartar que se transmita al hombre por consumo.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Vacíos para la Explotación Legal de Huevos de la Tortuga Lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Ostional, Costa Rica

López¹,

Mora

2016

Ceiba

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La tortuga marina Lepidochelys olivacea anida solitaria o dispersa, en arribada y en condición mixta. Las arribadas son eventos de anidación masiva y sincronizada que solo ocurren en algunas playas, una de las más importantes del mundo es Ostional en el noroeste de Costa Rica. Esta playa es parte del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de Ostional (RNVSO) que fue creado para proteger a las tortugas marinas en anidación y regular la extracción de huevos. A partir de ahí se emitió un decreto que permite la explotación legal de los huevos de la tortuga lora por la comunidad de Ostional mediante un aprovechamiento que es manejado por la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de Ostional (ADIO). Este aprovechamiento es un gran ejemplo del uso de la biodiversidad por las comunidades nativas según los lineamientos de la CBD (Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica). No obstante, hay varios vacíos para la explotación de huevos y la protección de la tortuga lora. En este trabajo analizamos varios factores relacionados con las tortugas marinas en Ostional y la explotación de sus huevos. Tratamos de identificar los vacíos principales que existen para que esta explotación tenga los resultados pretendidos con el decreto de aprovechamiento y con la creación del RNVSO. El primer vacío es la falta de un plan general de manejo oficializado para el refugio. La efectividad de manejo de un área protegida depende en primer lugar de su plan de manejo. Asociado a este punto está uno de los vacíos principales del refugio, su definición como tal. Al momento no se sabe si el refugio es estatal o mixto. Esa falta de definición crea gran inestabilidad al refugio y a la comunidad de Ostional. Otro vacío es la falta de información del estado poblacional de la tortuga lora. Aparentemente, las metodologías usadas no han sido adecuadas para el monitoreo de la población. Aunque se argumenta que la población que anida ha aumentado, no hay publicaciones científicas que respalden este argumento. Tampoco hay respaldo comprobado que la explotación de huevos beneficie directamente a la población de la tortuga lora que anida en Ostional. Tampoco se han investigado los aspectos relacionados a posibles zoonosis por las interacciones con las tortugas ni debidas al consumo de huevos. Aunque el ecoturismo es una alternativa económica para Ostional, tiene el vacío de un manejo adecuado. En todos estos aspectos el MINAE (Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía), como ente responsable de la vida silvestre del país, debe tomar el liderazgo que le corresponde. Sus acciones deben asociarse con la ADIO y las instituciones responsables para garantizar el bienestar de la comunidad de Ostional y la conservación de la tortuga lora.Ceiba, 2012. Vol.53(2):95-108

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Potential Bacterial Pathogens Carried by Nesting Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in Costa Rica

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Disease in Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)

Vacíos para la Explotación Legal de Huevos de la Tortuga Lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Ostional, Costa Rica

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