Potential Attractiveness of Soil Fungus Trichoderma Inhamatum for Biodegradation of the Glyphosate Herbicide

Abstract

The T. inhamatum F6-2014 fungus was isolated from the black soils of Northern Kazakhstan in stationary experiments with many years of herbicide use. The research was aimed at studying the biodegrading activity of T. inhamatum in relation to an herbicide with the glyphosate active ingredient, both in vitro and in situ. Under the laboratory conditions, the highest growth rate of a colony of T. inhamatum was observed in the reference variant, and reached 49.0 ± 2.5 mm. During the field experiments, a significant increase was noted in the microbial biomass (MB) on the first day in the herbicidal variants and ranged from 239.2 to 322.8 µg/g of soil. On the 15th day, the level of MB in all herbicide variants increased 1.6-2.1 times, and in the reference-2.3 times. By the second month, the level of MB reduced 1.5-2.0 times in all variants. By the third month of the studies, the greatest MB decrease was noted in the reference-82.8 µg/g. The level of urease activity during the first day in all variants, including the reference, ranged between 0.12-0.15 mg/g of soil. On the 15th day, a significant (3.3 times) increase in the urease activity was noted in the variants with glyphosate, compared to the reference. Subsequently, the difference in the level of enzyme activity was insignificant between the variants. The MB and the urease activity in the first fifteen days increase due to the more active decomposition of glyphosate by strain.

The host niches of soybean rather than genetic modification or glyphosate application drive the assembly of root‐associated microbial communities

“…The glyphosate application accelerated soil nitrogen cycling. When comparing JD321G with JD321 in this study, we discovered that the use of glyphosate increased the urease activity at the flowering stage (Figure 1 ), which was consistent with previous studies (Kunanbayev et al, 2019 ; Sannino & Gianfreda, 2001 ). Glyphosate is moderately persistent in soil, and the decomposition rate should be closely related to the enzymatic activities of soil microorganisms (Gimsing et al, 2004 ; Veiga et al, 2001 ).…”

Glyphosate-Eating Fungi: Study on Fungal Saprotrophic Strains’ Ability to Tolerate and Utilise Glyphosate as a Nutritional Source and on the Ability of Purpureocillium lilacinum to Degrade It

“…Despite there being vast literature on fungi and glyphosate, still very limited are studies in this field. For instance, Arfarita et al [41] reported that T. viride has been able to degrade glyphosate both in vitro and in field conditions; similarly, Kunanbayev et al [42] showed that T. inhamatum has been successful also in the field. Furthermore, in a study on soil mycoflora, Sailaja and Satyaprasad [43] observed that there was a predominance of aspergilli, fusaria, penicillia, and Trichoderma species and that some Trichoderma spp.…”

“…Several studies, instead, focused on testing one or more glyphosate-based commercial formulations (e.g., Roundup ControlMax ® , Roundup ® WG, Tornado plus, etc. ), demonstrating that, among others, strains belonging to Trichoderma genus, such as T. viride and T. inhamatum, and to Aspergillus genus, such as A. flavus, A. niger, and A. oryzae, were able to tolerate and degrade these products [39][40][41][42]. Although in several studies the pure molecule has been compared with one or more commercial formulations, still, little is known about the different toxicities on fungi among them.…”

The Effect of the Temperature and Bacteria (Pseudomonas) and Tichoderma in the Pygical Decade of the Glyphosate in the Growth of Potatoes

“…Whether, this of course, differs from one plant to another and according to the type of pesticide used and its impact on the soil, water, air and food material, as most farmers, especially in Iraq, are not committed to the recommendations and concentrations recommended to use the pesticide to ensure that the product is not damaged when consuming [4]. Glyphosate pesticide is often used as a generally non -optional herbal pesticide, active substance: Glyphosate 48% general herbal pesticide is not optional after the germination of an concentrated liquid body soluble in water, used to combat herbs in its wide and thin sheets leaves in the fields, and is often used in fruit fields to eliminate The forest plant, which has a significant effect on the fruit fields, in addition to a sign on the bush of all crops, works on the wide and thin jungle [5]. Where the large consumption of potatoes and frequent demand for them, and on plants free of chemicals due to chemical fertilizers or pesticides, it was necessary to conduct a study to know the remainder of these materials with these foodstuffs to maintain public health, and the use of foodstuffs free from pesticide residue, so he lost This study was conducted to find out the remaining pesticide used Glyphosate in potato plants, and to know the remaining soil and plant.…”