Potential Applications of Nanobiotechnology in Plant Nutrition and Protection for Sustainable Agriculture

Insight into Methanobiology and Role of Emerging Technologies in Methane Management

“…In freshwater wetlands, carbon storage and release dynamics can vary depending on environmental factors, making their quantification a challenging task. Carbon is more easily stored in wetland ecosystems due to their faster plant growth and slower decomposition rates (Ramasamy et al, 2009;D'Ambrosio, Harrison, 2022). CH4 is a potent greenhouse gas with a radiative forcing that is 87 times stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2) over 20 years, although it can be produced in more significant amounts under anaerobic marsh conditions (Lever, 2016).…”

Nanofertilizer Possibilities for Healthy Soil, Water, and Food in Future: An Overview

“…Many studies have demonstrated that ROS plays a vital role in regulating plant cell physiological functions by altering various signaling routes in cell types (Kloepfer et al, 2005 ; Vara and Pula, 2014 ; Wehmas et al, 2015 ; Adisa et al, 2019 ), while others explored that the size of NPs may be the principal origin of phytotoxicity (Xiao et al, 2015 ). The application of traditional fertilizer into the soil may impose various disadvantages in terms of plant nutritional bioavailability (Fellet et al, 2021 ; Mandal and Lalrinchhani, 2021 ), while foliar application of NFs may be more effective for enhancing overall plant performance/productivity (Roemheld and El-Fouly, 1999 ; Rajput et al, 2021b ) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) (Abou-El-Nour, 2002 ; Rajput et al, 2018b ; Adisa et al, 2019 ). Nanocoated compounds with a diameter higher than 10 nm may increase stomatal penetration (Eichert and Goldbach, 2008 ; Perez-de-Luque, 2017 ) due to the wide surface area of NFs, which ensures excess sorption capacity and controlled release kinetics with intelligent delivery mechanisms (Rameshaiah et al, 2015 ; Rajput et al, 2021a , b ).…”

“…Abiotic stressors, such as salinity and drought, have harmful effects on plant growth and production worldwide. Crop output is reduced by 50% due to these abiotic stressors (Wang et al, 2003 ; Rajput et al, 2021b ). Plants suffer from a lack of essential minerals, membrane injury, and enzyme inhibition due to ionic and osmotic stressors (Hasanuzzaman et al, 2013a ; Adisa et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Fertilizer consumption increased globally in recent decades with soil nutrient loss (Chugh et al, 2021 ) due to its cumulative addition to enhance crop productivity (Savci, 2012 ; Sun et al, 2015 ; Lin et al, 2019 ; Verma et al, 2022 ), with loss in soil health and rising environmental issues (Hasler et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2018 ). Nanoparticles (NPs) may natural or bioengineered with 1–100 nm diameter significantly differ in physical and chemical properties (Rajput et al, 2021b ; Verma et al, 2022 ), available as commercial nanofertilizers (NFs) around the globe, namely, nitrogen (IFFCO Nano Urea, IFFCO, India), phosphorus (TAG Nano Phos, SK Organic Farms, India), potassium (NanoMax Potash, JU Agri Sciences, India), zinc (Geolife Nano Zn, GeolifeAgritech India Ltd., India, SilvertechKimya Sanayi veTicaret Ltd., Turkey, and AFME Trading Group, UK), calcium (Nano Calcium Chelate Fertilizer, AFME Trading Group, UK, Nubiotek®Ultra Ca, Bioteksa, Mexico, Fertile Calcium 25, HPL Agronegocios, Brazil and Lithical, Litho Plant, Brazil), iron, magnesium (Nubiotek®HyperFe+Mg, Bioteksa, Mexico), magnesium, molybdenum, zinc (Nanovec TSS 80, Laboratories, Bio-Medicin, Brazil), silicon (Nano Land Baltic, Lithuania), potassium and phosphorus (Fosvit K30, Kimitec Group, Spain), boran (Nano Bor20%, Alert Biotech, India), and silver (Nano-Ag Answer®, Urth Agriculture, USA) (Dimkpa and Bindraban, 2017 ; Rajput et al, 2021 ; Kalwani et al, 2022 ). NPs facilitate beneficial functions for the nitrogen cycle, enhancing enzyme activities and stimulating soil plant-friendly microbes.…”

Impact of Salinity Stress and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Macro and Micronutrient Assimilation: Unraveling the Link between Environmental Factors and Nutrient Uptake

“…However, the detrimental impact of salinity on rice production is a major concern due to the crop's high sensitivity to saline conditions. Consequently, it is imperative to comprehensively characterize the physiological responses of rice to salinity stress in order to address this challenge and enhance productivity (Rajput et al, 2021). To achieve future improvements in rice cultivation, a deeper scientific understanding of nutrient assimilation is crucial, with a specific focus on rate of absorption or uptake under salinity stress conditions.…”