Potential Applications of Conducting Polymers to Reduce Secondary Bacterial Infections among COVID-19 Patients: a Review

Mahat, Mohd Muzamir; Sabere, Awis Sukarni Mohmad; Azizi, Juzaili; Amdan, Nur Asyura Nor

doi:10.1007/s42247-021-00188-4

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Altogether, this evidence shows that PPy-based NMs are promising candidates for future application in textiles or other antibacterial nanotechnologies, mainly thanks to their stability and biocompatibility to skin, which is the main target organ of surface coating NMs. Moreover, the data obtained give promising insights for the future research of PPy NPs for the spray coating of textiles with antiviral properties, also against SARS-Cov-2 as recently reported [ 37 ]. It has been indeed reported that conductive polymers are capable of binding different strains of viruses, including avian and influenza A and B human viruses, and that the functionalization of polymers with silver would increase the efficiency of virus adsorption, and almost complete the removal of viruses from aqueous media [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Safety Assessment of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Spray-Coated Textiles

et al. 2021

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Polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles (NPs) are used for the coating of materials, such as textiles, with biomedical applications, including wound care and tissue engineering, but they are also promising antibacterial agents. In this work, PPy NPs were used for the spray-coating of textiles with antimicrobial properties. The functional properties of the materials were verified, and their safety was evaluated. Two main exposure scenarios for humans were identified: inhalation of PPy NPs during spray (manufacturing) and direct skin contact with NPs-coated fabrics (use). Thus, the toxicity properties of PPy NPs and PPy-coated textiles were assessed by using in vitro models representative of the lung and the skin. The results from the materials’ characterization showed the stability of both the PPy NP suspension and the textile coating, even after washing cycles and extraction in artificial sweat. Data from an in vitro model of the air–blood barrier showed the low toxicity of these NPs, with no alteration of cell viability and functionality observed. The skin toxicity of PPy NPs and the coated textiles was assessed on a reconstructed human epidermis model following OECD 431 and 439 guidelines. PPy NPs proved to be non-corrosive at the tested conditions, as well as non-irritant after extraction in artificial sweat at two different pH conditions. The obtained data suggest that PPy NPs are safe NMs in applications for textile coating.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Safety Assessment of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Spray-Coated Textiles

et al. 2021

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“…A recent study highlights the potential of CP coatings for personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical equipment to ward off secondary bacterial infections in hospital settings, given their current prevalence among COVID-19 patients. 550 CPs have been increasingly adopted for in vitro applications with bacterial cells given their innate or electrochemically induced antimicrobial properties as well as their ability to act as electron relays for bacterial extracellular electron transfer. The latter is of great importance not only for understanding and studying bacterial systems but also for developing energy generation/storage devices known as microbial fuel cells.…”

Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems

et al. 2021

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Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.

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“…In addition, CPs can also be used to replace alkaline metal as biosensors, such as for non-enzymatic glucose sensors, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) sensors, and dissolved oxygen sensors [ 107 ]. Recently, CPs like PANI was reported to have antibacterial properties through a disruption process against the native surface charge of bacterial cells [ 108 ]. This finding successfully proved that PANI can be utilized in producing antibacterial medical appliances.…”

Section: Current Developments Of Polymeric Materials For Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocating Electrically Conductive Scaffolds with Low Immunogenicity for Biomedical Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Scaffolds support and promote the formation of new functional tissues through cellular interactions with living cells. Various types of scaffolds have found their way into biomedical science, particularly in tissue engineering. Scaffolds with a superior tissue regenerative capacity must be biocompatible and biodegradable, and must possess excellent functionality and bioactivity. The different polymers that are used in fabricating scaffolds can influence these parameters. Polysaccharide-based polymers, such as collagen and chitosan, exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability, while the degradability of synthetic polymers can be improved using chemical modifications. However, these modifications require multiple steps of chemical reactions to be carried out, which could potentially compromise the end product’s biosafety. At present, conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), polyaniline, and polypyrrole, are often incorporated into matrix scaffolds to produce electrically conductive scaffold composites. However, this will reduce the biodegradability rate of scaffolds and, therefore, agitate their biocompatibility. This article discusses the current trends in fabricating electrically conductive scaffolds, and provides some insight regarding how their immunogenicity performance can be interlinked with their physical and biodegradability properties.

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Potential Applications of Conducting Polymers to Reduce Secondary Bacterial Infections among COVID-19 Patients: a Review

Cited by 28 publications

References 105 publications

Safety Assessment of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Spray-Coated Textiles

Safety Assessment of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Spray-Coated Textiles

Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems

Advocating Electrically Conductive Scaffolds with Low Immunogenicity for Biomedical Applications: A Review

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