Potential Applications of 5G Network Technology for Climate Change Control: A Scoping Review of Singapore

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most challenging problems that humanity has ever faced. With the rapid development in technology, a key feature of 5G networks is the increased level of connectivity between everyday objects, facilitated by faster internet speeds with smart facilities indicative of the forthcoming 5G-driven revolution in Internet of Things (IoT). This study revisited the benefits of 5G network technologies to enhance the efficiency of the smart city and minimize climate change impacts in Singapore, thus creating a clean environment for healthy living. Results revealed that the smart management of energy, wastes, water resources, agricultures, risk factors, and the economy adopted in Singapore can remarkably contribute to reducing climate change, thus attaining the sustainability goals. Hence, future studies on cost-effective design and implementation are essential to increase the focus on the smart city concept globally.

IoT-Enabled Smart Cities: A Review of Concepts, Frameworks and Key Technologies

“…This aspect is closely connected with the reuse of components in smart city frameworks and tries to harmonize and overcome the efforts needed in building custom-made platforms for each city or each specific context, which is economically inefficient [3]. Other potential future directions include the introduction and dissemination of novel network technologies, such as 5G [28,59,72,102]. Technological advances in networks and device solutions are important.…”

“…Technological advances in networks and device solutions are important. In fact, the adoption of the most recent network technologies, such as 5G, combined with higher efficiency in building techniques and technologies following the paradigm of net zero energy infrastructure can lead to building solutions that are aiming for net zero carbon emissions [102]. Furthermore, the introduction of innovative computing paradigms, such as the introduction and integration of deep learning and AI solutions [109,115], semantic technologies and natural language processing (NLP) would improve the interaction level between smart devices and all smart city actors, as well as enabling the production of smarter services for a better quality of life.…”

“…In Singapore, solid waste is managed by the Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF), which includes innovative IoT technology that allows for an increase in the process efficiency and a reduction in GHG emissions [102]. In Amsterdam, the Green City Watch is a geo-spatial AI platform that monitors urban green infrastructures in near real time using AI algorithms and satellite images [103].…”

“…For instance, smart mobility solutions [3,66,[79][80][81][82] are aiming to establish near-to-zero emissions and reduced traffic flows and to also enhance the adoption of smart transportation and IoT paradigms. These aspects will bring relevant influences and improvements for the quality of life in smart cities [92]; • Climate Action: Smart environment technologies [3,66,102,103] that are focused on monitoring air quality and pollutant levels [99,104] contribute to analyzing and controlling air quality and fossil combustion, as well as their environmental impact in terms of CO2, NO, NO2, etc. (which are the main effects of fossil combustion); • Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions: Smart governance solutions [3,38,39,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] contribute to providing institutions with data-driven decision-making processes [39], which makes citizens' participation more inclusive and deliberative, thus creating a consensus for the public good and enhancing equality and social justice [38].…”

The New Era of Business Digitization through the Implementation of 5G Technology in Romania

“…It is estimated that, around the world, will be 550 million 5G subscriptions and a population coverage of 10% by the end of 2022, and by 2024 an increase in mobile subscriptions has been estimated to exceed 60% [17][18][19]. The 5G radio interface brings transfer speeds of up to 20/10 Gbps DL/UL, which means 2 to 3 times the performance improvement and ensures 5 to 100 times energy efficiency with a bit cost of 10 or lower [20]. In addition to broadband services, 5G technology, by providing higher bandwidth and ultra-low latency, will help accelerate the digitization of economic sectors and public systems (auto industry, utilities, public safety, manufacturing, health system, media, gaming) [9,21,22].…”