Potential Application of Macrocyclic Compounds for Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Scandium Elements from Aqueous Media

Salman, Ali Dawood; Juzsakova, Tatjána; Jalhoom, Moayyed G.; Cuong, Le Phuoc; Abdullah, Thamer Adnan; Creţescu, Igor; Domokos, Endre; Nguyen, Van‐Huy

doi:10.1007/s40831-021-00484-7

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Over the last few decades, researchers have put a lot of effort into purifying leaching effluents to separate scandium [ 5 , 6 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The purification took place by solvent extraction (SX), ion exchange (IX), liquid membranes, adsorption, precipitation, and co-precipitation [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

et al. 2022

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The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the highest extraction efficiency of any of the valuable components. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of the rare earth metals, the separation and purification processes of Sc are difficult tasks. Sc has also been extracted from acidic solutions using carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic β-diketone, among other solvents and chemicals. For improving the extraction efficiencies, the development of mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the SX of Sc has been carried out in recent years. Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its acidity, the aqueous (A) to organic (O) and solid (S) to liquid (L) phase ratios, as well as the type of the diluents. Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods (acid leaching and SX) were effective for Sc recovery. Furthermore, the OPCs bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) showed interesting potential taking into consideration some co-extracted metals such as Fe(III) and Ti(IV).

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