Potential Application of Bionanoparticles to Treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious virus that spreads exponentially across the world, resulting in serious viral pneumonia. Several companies and researchers have put their tremendous effort into developing novel vaccines or drugs for the complete eradication of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Bionanotechnology plays a vital role in designing functionalized biocompatible nanoparticulate systems with higher antiviral capabilities. Thus, several nanocarriers have been explored in designing and delivering drugs and vaccines. This problem can be overcome with the intervention of biomaterials or bionanoparticles. The present review describes the comparative analysis of SARS infection and its associated etiological agents. This review also highlighted some nanoparticles that have been explored in the treatment of COVID-19. However, these carriers elicit several problems once they come in contact with biological systems. Often, the body’s immune system treats these nanocarriers as foreign particles and antigens. In contrast, some bionanoparticles are highlighted here with their potential application in SARS-CoV-2. However, bionanoparticles have demonstrated some drawbacks discussed here with the possible outcomes. The scope of bioinspired nanoparticles is also discussed in detail to explore the new era of research. It is highly essential for the effective delivery of these nanoparticles to the target site. For effective management of SARS-CoV-2, different delivery patterns are also discussed here.

Nanomaterials to combat SARS-CoV-2: Strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat COVID-19

“…PLGA-derived nanoparticles allow to deliver a more potent antiviral dose of the drug and also impairs the S protein/ACE2 binding (Surnar et al, 2020). Several bionanoparticles made of polysaccharides and proteins (i.e., chitosan, alginate, gelatin, and albumin), have been tested or are developed to assay their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (reviewed in (Debnath and Srivastava, 2022)). The lack or low toxicity and the excellent biocompatibility showed by all the above-described nanomaterials provide great potential in the development of safe therapeutics based on nanoreagents and technology to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and cure the COVID-19 disease.…”