Potential Animal Reservoirs of Toscana Virus and Coinfections with Leishmania infantum in Turkey

Dinçer, Ender; Gargari, Sepandar; Özkul, Aykut; Ergünay, Koray

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0322

Cited by 52 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…A number of arboviruses are transmitted by the sand fly vectors also transmitting Leishmania, including the Massilia and TOSV phleboviruses (50,51). Coinfection was reported in dogs, whereas seropositivity to TOSV was associated with Leishmania infantum in humans (52,53); however, the clinical relevance of the coinfection is unknown. As our results suggest that events early in infection were crucial to determine the fate of the disease ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I interferons induced by endogenous or exogenous viral infections promote metastasis and relapse of leishmaniasis

Rossi

Castiglioni

Hartley

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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The presence of the endogenous Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) replicating stably within some parasite species has been associated with the development of more severe forms of leishmaniasis and relapses after drug treatment in humans. Here, we show that the disease-exacerbatory role of LRV1 relies on type I IFN (type I IFNs) production by macrophages and signaling in vivo. Moreover, infecting mice with the LRV1-cured Leishmania guyanensis (LgyLRV1 − ) strain of parasites followed by type I IFN treatment increased lesion size and parasite burden, quantitatively reproducing the LRV1-bearing (LgyLRV1 + ) infection phenotype. This finding suggested the possibility that exogenous viral infections could likewise increase pathogenicity, which was tested by coinfecting mice with L. guyanensis and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), or the sand fly-transmitted arbovirus Toscana virus (TOSV). The type I IFN antiviral response increased the pathology of L. guyanensis infection, accompanied by down-regulation of the IFN-γ receptor normally required for antileishmanial control. Further, LCMV coinfection of IFN-γ-deficient mice promoted parasite dissemination to secondary sites, reproducing the LgyLRV1 + metastatic phenotype. Remarkably, LCMV coinfection of mice that had healed from L. guyanensis infection induced reactivation of disease pathology, overriding the protective adaptive immune response. Our findings establish that type I IFN-dependent responses, arising from endogenous viral elements (dsRNA/LRV1), or exogenous coinfection with IFN-inducing viruses, are able to synergize with New World Leishmania parasites in both primary and relapse infections. Thus, viral infections likely represent a significant risk factor along with parasite and host factors, thereby contributing to the pathological spectrum of human leishmaniasis.Leishmania RNA virus 1 | Totiviridae | arboviruses | trypanosomatid protozoan parasite | Leishmania subgenus Viannia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I interferons induced by endogenous or exogenous viral infections promote metastasis and relapse of leishmaniasis

Rossi

Castiglioni

Hartley

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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“…Bununla birlikte memeliler ya da diğer hayvanların rezervuar olarak rolü henüz açık değildir 5,6 . Mersin ve Adana bölgelerini kapsayan bir çalışmada, incelenen köpek, kedi, koyun ve keçi örnek-lerinde TOSV IgG ve viral RNA araştırılmış; köpek ve keçi örneklerinin sırasıyla %40.4 ve %4'ünde nötralizan antikorlar saptanmıştır 16 . Ayrıca ağırlıklı olarak köpek örneklerinde viral RNA pozitifl iği saptanarak, daha önceden varlığı gösterilen genotip A izolatlarının yanı sıra, genotip B izolatlarının da bölgede bulunduğu rapor edilmiştir 16 .…”

Section: Tosv Vntunclassified

“…Mersin ve Adana bölgelerini kapsayan bir çalışmada, incelenen köpek, kedi, koyun ve keçi örnek-lerinde TOSV IgG ve viral RNA araştırılmış; köpek ve keçi örneklerinin sırasıyla %40.4 ve %4'ünde nötralizan antikorlar saptanmıştır 16 . Ayrıca ağırlıklı olarak köpek örneklerinde viral RNA pozitifl iği saptanarak, daha önceden varlığı gösterilen genotip A izolatlarının yanı sıra, genotip B izolatlarının da bölgede bulunduğu rapor edilmiştir 16 . Bu bulgular, çalışmamızda elde edilen ve bölgede süregelen bir TOSV aktivitesine işaret eden verileri desteklemektedir.…”

Section: Tosv Vntunclassified

Serological Investigation of Phlebovirus Exposure in Blood Donors from the Mediterranean Province of Mersin, Turkey

Tezcan¹,

Dinçer²,

Ülger³

et al. 2015

Mikrobiyol Bul

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“…TOSV is transmitted by sandflies and causes 100 to 200 cases of meningoencephalitis each summer in Europe and North Africa [38]. Although the natural reservoirs for TOSV remain unidentified, canines have been identified as potential candidates [39].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Encephalitic Arbovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitic Arboviruses: Emergence, Clinical Presentation, and Neuropathogenesis

2016

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Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that exhibit worldwide distribution, contributing to systemic and neurologic infections in a variety of geographical locations. Arboviruses are transmitted to vertebral hosts during blood feedings by mosquitoes, ticks, biting flies, mites, and nits. While the majority of arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive forms of disease, they are among the most severe infectious risks to the health of the human central nervous system. The neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and myositis in which virus-and immune-mediated injury may lead to severe, persisting neurologic deficits or death. Here we will review the major families of emerging arboviruses that cause neurologic infections, their neuropathogenesis and host neuroimmunologic responses, and current strategies for treatment and prevention of neurologic infections they cause.

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Potential Animal Reservoirs of Toscana Virus and Coinfections with Leishmania infantum in Turkey

Cited by 52 publications

References 47 publications

Type I interferons induced by endogenous or exogenous viral infections promote metastasis and relapse of leishmaniasis

Type I interferons induced by endogenous or exogenous viral infections promote metastasis and relapse of leishmaniasis

Serological Investigation of Phlebovirus Exposure in Blood Donors from the Mediterranean Province of Mersin, Turkey

Encephalitic Arboviruses: Emergence, Clinical Presentation, and Neuropathogenesis

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