Potential and limits of FTIR methods for reclaimed asphalt characterisation

Marsac, Paul; Piérard, Nathalie; Porot, Laurent; Bergh, Wim van den; Grenfell, James; Mouillet, Virginie; Pouget, Simon; Besamusca, Jeroen; Farcas, Fabienne; Gabet, Thomas; Hugener, Martin

doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0248-0

Cited by 151 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Amongst these techniques, FTIR is a popular method to investigate changes in the chemical composition due to oxidative ageing [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In general, the objective of absorption spectroscopy, as in FTIR, is to gain information on how much a given sample absorbs light (i.e., infrared radiation) at a certain wavelength range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Porot²,

et al. 2018

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This RILEM round robin study with nine participating laboratories investigated bitumen ageing, its effect on chemical properties and its reproducibility. The impact of temperature used for shortterm (RTFOT) binder ageing on the combined shortand long-term (PAV) aged samples was investigated; thereby the effect of reduced mixing temperature such as those relevant for warm mix asphalt technologies on long term ageing was examined. Four 70/100 penetration graded bituminous binders from different sources were selected. In addition to the standard RTFOT temperature of 163°C, two additional temperatures, 143 and 123°C were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out using an integration method which considers the area below the absorbance spectrum around a band maximum using baseline and tangential approaches. A statistical investigation into the reproducibility of FTIR spectra analysis based on the accumulated data was done. To assess the reproducibility, the coefficient of variation (CV) was taken as a benchmark parameter. Carbonyl and sulfoxide indices were calculated using different baseline correction methods and tangential and baseline integration, respectively. It was shown that the tangential method was not influenced by the applied baseline correction. However, in all considered cases, the tangential method led to significantly worse reproducibility (CVs ranging from 20 to 120%) compared 10.1617/s11527-018-1170-7 to the baseline method. The sulfoxide indices calculated by both methods were not affected by the baseline correction method used. Impacts of changes in the short-term ageing temperature on short-or longterm aged samples could not be found whereas differences between different binder sources could be detected. RTFOT temperature and therefore mix production temperature had a stronger impact on the formation of sulfoxide structures than for carbonyl structures. The findings from this study show the most reproducible of all considered methods when more than one laboratory is providing FTIR data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Porot²,

et al. 2018

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“…Amongst these techniques, FTIR has been increasingly used lately to investigate changes in the chemical composition due to oxidative aging. Recent FTIR devices do not require large and environmentally controlled lab space because of their compact design, require very small amount of sample for testing, and are time and cost efficient [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In general, the objective of infrared spectroscopy, as in FTIR, is to gain information on how much a given sample absorbs light (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

et al. 2017

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Bituminous binders as organic materials are prone to aging mainly by oxidation. Aging changes the viscoelastic behavior of the material over time towards higher stiffness and brittleness. FTIR has been increasingly used lately to investigate impacts of oxidative aging on the chemical structure of bitumen. Especially the carbonyl and sulfoxide bands are affected by aging and commonly used to describe changes due to evolving oxidation of a binder. However, spectra obtained from FTIR can be analyzed in fundamentally different ways and the analysis method applied to a spectrum has an impact on the gathered results and especially on the repeatability and sensitivity with regards to oxidative changes. For the presented study, two bituminous binders, a PG 64-16 and an SBS modified PG 76-22 PM were aged by RTFO and PAV and subsequently measured by FTIR. The obtained spectra (up to 90 individual spectra per aging state) were analyzed employing various methods using either the original or a normalized spectrum, a band maximum or integration based calculation of indices from an absolute or tangential baseline. By analyzing the coefficient of variation of the different analysis methods, it was found that not all analysis methods exhibit the same repeatability and sensitivity. From the findings of the study it can be recommended to work with normalized spectra, use an absolute baseline and work with integration of areas for index production in favor over band maximum based methods.

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“…represented by C=O double bond, were measured and calculated by the deconvolution method (Marsac et al 2014) from the raw FTIR spectra. For the dynamic test for complex modulus four trapezoidal specimens were tested at temperatures from -10°C to 40°C and frequencies from 1 Hz to 40 Hz for the correct study of rheological and stiffness evolution of the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ageing on Warm Mix Asphalts with High Rates of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

et al. 2016

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Within the framework of the European Project SUP&R ITN a PhD thesis is carried out to study the durability of the combination of high rates of reclaimed asphalt pavement and warm mix asphalt technologies. For this purpose the complex modulus and fatigue resistance of three different asphalt mixtures, including surfactant modified and foamed warm mix asphalts, combined with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been studied. The extra value is given by the application of an ageing procedure based on the oxidation of compacted materials in laboratory. It follows the recommendations of the RILEM TC-ATB TG5, which distinguishes between short and long term ageing. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) tests were carried out on the extracted bitumens to quantify the oxidation levels. An increase of the norm and a decrease of the phase angle of |E*| at 15°C 10Hz with ageing and RAP addition are experienced for all the mixtures. Similar to what happens with the slopes of the fatigue laws that tend as well to increase. A consistent correlation is observed between these evolutions and the evolution of the carbonyl index calculated. This reflects a trend towards more brittle materials with predicted fatigue live improved for low strain levels but reduced for high strain levels. In general, the tendency is similar for all procedures, so the use of warm technologies combined with high RAP amounts may need to be considered.

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Potential and limits of FTIR methods for reclaimed asphalt characterisation

Cited by 151 publications

References 3 publications

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

Effects of Ageing on Warm Mix Asphalts with High Rates of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

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