Potential Alteration of COVID-19 by Beta-Mercaptoethanol

Click, Robert E.

doi:10.2217/fmb-2020-0142

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The exact mechanisms of how 2-Mercaptoethanol increases the survival and proliferation rate of cells have not been clarified yet, and it is proposed to be logically related to its ability to expunge toxic products [23,24]. Despite its routine use in the cell culture medium of immune and non-immune cells, there is a lot of controversy surrounding its use as it is highly toxic for some cells and can affect the molecular features of the growing cells which can impact the outcomes of experimental treatments [25,26]. The addition of 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium was established 40 years ago, and it has not been updated by recent studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effect of using 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium of different cell passages of human mesenchymal stem cells

Ramada R. Khasawneh,

Ejlal Abu-El-Rub

2024

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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Preparing a suitable cell culture medium that supports the biological needs of the growing cells is crucial to enhancing the success rate of any in vitro and in vivo experiments and minimizing undesirable interferences. Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) which are powerful regenerative stem cells require being grown in proper culture media to preserve their stemness and therapeutic properties. MSCs are usually grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle low glucose Medium (DMEM low glucose) which contains 5.6 mmol/L of glucose and is supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), antibiotics, and 2-Mercaptoethanol. The addition of 2-Mercaptoethanol to the cell culture medium was proposed long ago and has continued to be used until now. Despite the positive effects of adding 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium, its use is still controversial and needs continuous updates to limit its interference with experimental treatments. Herein, we found that 2-Mercaptoethanol is beneficial to enhancing the proliferation and survival of MSCs at higher passage numbers while its effect is negligible for earlier passages. This concise study provides updates regarding the suitable time to add 2-Mercaptoethanol which can minimize its intermeddling with the experimental design and treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effect of using 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium of different cell passages of human mesenchymal stem cells

Ramada R. Khasawneh,

Ejlal Abu-El-Rub

2024

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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“…Veruje se da bi primena β-merkaptoetanola bila bolji izbor tiola od NAC jer je snažniji, takođe ima plejotropne efekte, koristi se u do 100 puta nižim dozama, reciklira se bez Simić T. Značaj tiol-disulfidne ravnoteže u SARS-CoV-2 infekciji. MedPodml 2021, 72(3):30-36 modifikacije ili biološke ugradnje i nema neke od neželjenih efekata NAC (31).…”

Section: Poremećaj Tiol-disulfidne Ravnoteže U Sars-cov-2 Infekcijiunclassified

“…Simić T. Značaj tiol-disulfidne ravnoteže u SARS-CoV-2 infekciji. MedPodml 2021, 72(3): [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Istraživanja molekularnih mehanizama interakcije različitih virusa sa receptorima na površini ćelija domaćina pokazala su da ulazak virusa zavisi od specifičnog odnosa između slobodnih tiol (SH) grupa i disulfida na površini virusa, kao i od tiol-disulfidne ravnoteže na površini ćelija. Prisustvo oksidišućih jedinjenja ili alkilirajućih agensa, koja remete tiol-disulfidnu ravnotežu na površini virusa, može uticati i na njihov infektivni potencijal.…”

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Significance of thiol-disulfide balance in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Simić¹

2021

Medicinski podmladak

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Studies of the molecular mechanisms regarding interaction of different viruses with receptors on the host cell surface have shown that the viral entry depends on the specific relationship between free thiol (SH) groups and disulfides on the virus surface, as well as the thiol disulfide balance on the host cell surface. The presence of oxidizing compounds or alkylating agents, which disturb the thiol-disulfide balance on the surface of the virus, can also affect its infectious potential. Disturbed thiol-disulfide balance may also influence protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 protein S and ACE2 receptors of the host cell. This review presents the basic mechanisms of maintaining intracellular and extracellular thiol disulfide balance and previous experimental and clinical evidence in favor of impaired balance in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, the results of the clinical application or experimental analysis of compounds that induce changes in the thiol disulfide balance towards reduction of disulfide bridges in proteins of interest in COVID-19 infection are presented.

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Potential Alteration of Tumor Microenvironments by β-Mercaptoethanol

Click¹

2020

Future Oncol.

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The therapeutic effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients is quite profound. However, it is generally accepted that further progress is curtailed by accompanying adverse events and by low cure rates linked to the tumor microenvironment. The multitudes of immune processes altered by low-molecular-weight thiols published over the past decades suggest they have potential to alter tumor microenvironment processes which could result in an increase in immune checkpoint inhibitor survival rates. Based on one of the most studied and most potent low-molecular-weight thiols, β-mercaptoethanol (BME), it is proposed that clinical assessment be undertaken to identify any BME benefits with relevance for proliferation/differentiation of immune cells, lymphocyte exhaustion, immunogenicity of tumor antigens and inactivation of suppressor cells/factors. The BME alterations projected to be most effective are: maintenance/replacement of glutathione in lymphocytes via facilitation of cysteine uptake, inhibition of suppressor cells/soluble factors and inactivation of free-radical, reactive oxygen species.

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Potential Alteration of COVID-19 by Beta-Mercaptoethanol

Abstract: Based on many group's attitude to disregard preventative suggestions of infectious disease experts, along with the relaxation of government regulations, mini-herd immunity has essentially already begun. "

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Comparing the effect of using 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium of different cell passages of human mesenchymal stem cells

Comparing the effect of using 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium of different cell passages of human mesenchymal stem cells

Significance of thiol-disulfide balance in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Potential Alteration of Tumor Microenvironments by β-Mercaptoethanol

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