Potential adverse drug events and its predictors among hospitalized patients at medical center in Ethiopia: a prospective observational study

Abstract

Potential adverse drug event (PADE) is a medication error with the potential to cause associate degree injury however that does not cause any injury, either due to specific circumstances, chance, or as a result of the error being intercepted and corrected. This study aimed to assess the incidence, contributing factors, predictors, severity, and preventability of PADEs among hospitalized adult patients at Jimma Medical Center. A prospective observational study was conducted among hospitalized adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors predicting PADE occurrence. P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. A total of 319 patients were included. About 50.5% of them were females. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 43 ± 17.6 years. Ninety-four PADEs were identified. Number of medications (adjusted OR = 5.12; 95% CI: 2.01–13.05; p = 0.001), anticoagulants (adjusted OR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.22–5.19; p = 0.013), anti-seizures (adjusted OR = 21.96; 95% CI: 6.57–73.39; p < 0.0001), anti-tuberculosis (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.002–4.59, p = 0.049), and Elixhauser comorbidity Index ≤ 15 (adjusted OR = 6.24; 95% CI: 1.48–26.25, p = 0.013) were independent predictors of PADEs occurrence. About one-third of patients admitted to the hospital experienced PADEs.

Incidence and patterns of adverse drug reactions among adult patients hospitalized in the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital: A prospective observational follow-up study

“…In line with the earlier studies [14, PLOS ONE 20,22,34,38,44], the most frequently implicated group of medicines in the ADRs were antimicrobials, followed by cardiovascular medications such as diuretics, vitamins, anti-anemics, and analgesics. Similarly, the Asosa University study found that cardiovascular and analgesic medications were among the most frequently implicated for ADRs [27]. Other evidence also revealed that cardiovascular drugs are among the most common classes of medications that result in ADRs [39,45].…”

“…Despite this, the incidences and patterns of ADR are rarely studied in Ethiopia, especially in the current study setting. A study conducted in southern Ethiopia found that the incidence of ADEs was approximately 27 per 100 admissions [26], and another study found that approximately 26.6% of patients developed ADR during their hospital stay [27]. As a result, we decided to investigate the occurrences and patterns of ADRs in patients admitted to the UoGCSH in Northwest Ethiopia.…”

Occurrence and contributing factors associated with hyperkalaemia in East Africa: a systematic review

“…The results showed that around 20% (n = 84) of patients experienced medication unpleasant effects [16] The study found that warfarin use was associated with bleeding of gums, while ACEIs were linked to dry cough and angioedema, and nifedipine caused peripheral edema. In addition, the study identified other adverse drug reactions, such as penicillin allergy, upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by dual antiplatelet therapy, atenolol induced bradycardia, high dose of furosemide induced bronchospasm & hypotension, myopathy related to atorvastatin, and spironolactone induced gynecomastia and hyperkalemia.. [16].Adverse drug events in metabolic and endocrine systems were also reported to cause 21.5% cases of hyperkalemia [15] Tumour lysis syndrome Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a deadly emergency disease which results from hurried release of intracellular metabolites following death of a tumour cell. Its manifested by a series of metabolic signs, more specifically hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia [17].…”

Implementing community-based medication reconciliation programs in the USA: Enhancing continuity of care and reducing errors

“…Medication reconciliation, the process of creating the most accurate list possible of all medications a patient is taking, including drug name, dosage, frequency, and route, and comparing that list against the physician's admission, transfer, and/or discharge orders, is a critical component of patient safety and healthcare quality. In the United States, medication errors are a significant concern, leading to adverse drug events (ADEs), hospitalizations, and even death (Adegoke, 2023, Mondul & Kong, 2023, Sahilu, et. al., 2021.…”